Winners Go First Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Winners Go First - Essay Example The setting of the story contains a field which the two brothers enter to play with rocks, cans and bottles. The writer has showed daytime, and has lucidly described that the overall setting through use of imagination and wordy descriptions. The writer has, very skillfully, described the dialogues of the main characters, because the reader comes to know the internal psyche of the two brothers through their conversation. For example, Anthony says to Torrie, â€Å"Boy, you oughta quit. You been reading too many of them king fu books† (Masiki, as cited in McCann & Estess, 2002). This dialogue show the mockery Anthony expresses about Torrie. When he sees Torrie praying, he says, â€Å"I wasn’t praying. I was concentrating.† On this statement, Torrie feels a conflict between his internal conception of character and the reality of the outside world. Torrie says at an instance, â€Å"Look. Just go ahead and throw, and stop clowning,† which shows Torrie’s conflict with his elder brother and his rejection of the latter’s mocking

Management of Technology10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management of Technology10 - Essay Example The bio-data collected assists the system to track down individual traits that are critical for record keeping. Modern day technology has evolved greatly where sharing of data between departments as well as organizations is possible through online systems. Much of the organizational data and sensitive information has been stored in electronic form through internet systems especially through hired computer cloud services. The access and management of the information is often through coded security passwords but the organization realizes the critical need for cyber security because of such threats as system hacking and destruction by malware. This is the most important reason why the board of directors needs to consider installation of cyber security systems in our organization. Other organizations often fall victim to loss of data by hackers who use malware to access and corrupt system data. Banks are often the major targets by such hackers with the intention of financial gains. Our organization needs to install well functioning antivirus programs, which are in a position to present any harmful file from opening in the computer systems. Besides, regular scanning of the systems in use is necessary in order to remove any virus or such other malware that would have gotten access into the system in any manner. Laudon K. C, Laudon J. P. and Elraga E. A., 2013. Management Information Systems, plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText, Global Edition, 13/E. Available at: (Accessed on 21 December

Models of Accounting Analysis

Models of Accounting Analysis Historic Cost In accounting, historic cost is the first money related quality of a financial item. Historic cost is focused around the stable measuring unit assumption. In a few circumstances, assets and liabilities may be demonstrated at their historic cost, as though there had been no change in value from the date of acquisition. The balance sheet value items may subsequently vary from the accurate value (WIKIPEDIA). Principle An accounting system in which assets are recorded on an balance sheet with the value at which they were obtained, rather than the current market value. The historic cost standard is used to get the measure of capital expended to acquire an asset, and is helpful for matching against changes in profits or expenses identifying with the asset purchased, and in addition for deciding past opportunity costs (Business Dictionary). Impacts Under the historical cost basis of accounting, assets and liabilities are recorded at their values when first acquired. They are not then generally restated for changes in values. Costs recorded in the Income Statement are based on the historical cost of items sold or used, rather than their replacement costs (WIKIPEDIA). Example The main headquarters of a company, which includes the land and building, was bought for $100,000 in 1945, and its expected market value today is $30 million. The asset is still recorded on the balance sheet at $100,000 (INVESTOPEDIA). Current Purchasing Power Accounting Capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power (CMUCPP) is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) basic accounting model originally authorized in IFRS in 1989 as an alternative to traditional historical cost accounting (WIKIPEDIA). Principle Current Purchasing Power Accounting(CPPA) includes the re-statement of historical figures at current purchasing power. For this reason, historic figures must be multiple by conversion factors. The formula for the calculation of conversion component is: Conversion factor = Price Index at the date of Conversion/Price Index at the date of item arose Conversion factor at the beginning = Price Index at the end/Price Index at the beginning Conversion factor at an average = Price Index at the end/Average Price Index Conversion factor at the end = Price Index at the end/Price Index at the end Average Price Index = Price Index at beginning + Price Index at the end/2 CPP Value = Historical value X Conversion factor (Account Managment Economics). Impacts on Financial Statements financial statements are ready on the basis of historical cost and a supplementary statement is ready showing historical items in terms of present value on the basis of general price index. Retail price index or wholesale price index is taken as an appropriate index for the conversion of historical cost items to show the changes in value of money. This method takes into consideration the changes in the value of items as a result of general price level, but it does not account for changes in the value of individual items (Accounting Managment). Example XYZ Company had a closing balance of inventory at 30 June 2012 equal to $10000. This inventory had been purchased in the last three months of the financial year. Assume the general price level index was 140 on 1 July 2011, 144 on 31 December 2011, 150 on 30 June 2012, the average for the year (July 2011-June 2012) was 145 and the average for April 2012 June 2012 was 147. For showing updated inventory with CPPA, we will use following formula Book value of inventory X current month general price index/ average index of three months = 10000 X 150/ 147 = $ 10204 (Accounting Education). Current Cost Accounting Current cost accounting is a procedure of accounting that attempts to give quality of benefits on the basis of their current replacement require as opposed to the sum they were purchased for (Ask). Principles It influences all the records and accounting reports also their balancing items. A fundamental principle underlying the estimation of gross value added, and hence GDP, is that yield and intermediate utilization must be value at the costs present at the time the processing happens. This intimates that goods withdrawn from inventories must be value at the price prevailing at the times the goods are withdrawn and not at the costs at which they entered inventories (Glossary Of Statistical Terms). Impacts Accounting systems that help in the preparation of financial reports, the cost accounting systems and reports are not subject to rules and standards like the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. As a result, there is huge variety in the cost accounting systems of the different organization and sometimes even in different parts of the same organization (WIKIPEDIA). Advantages Of Historic Cost Historic Cost provide straight forward procedure. It records gains until they are recognize. Historical Costing method are still using in accounting system. Dis-Advantages Of Historic Cost Historic Cost consider as a acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize current market value. Historic Cost only interested in allocation of cost, not in the value of an asset. It’s neglect the current market value of the asset that may be higher or lower than its suggested. It’s gives flaws in time of inflation (Study Mode). Comments Historical Costing method is still using in accounting system, it is a traditional method of accounting system it is not represent the market value of items, due to which it is not a appropriate method to adopt. Advantages Of Current Purchasing Power Accounting Current purchasing power method uses as measuring unit. It’s provide the calculation facilities to gain or loss in purchasing power due to holding monetary items. In this method, historical accounts continue to be maintained because they prepared on supplementary basis. This method intact the purchasing power of capital contributed by shareholders, so the method is important from the shareholders point of view. This method provides reliable financial information for the management to formulate policies and plans. Dis-Advantages Of Current Purchasing Power Accounting This method is only consider changes in general purchasing power, it does not consider the changes in the value of individual items. This method based on statistical index number which not used in individual firm. It’s difficult to use suitable price index. This method is failed to remove all defects of historical cost accounting system (Accounting Management). Comments Purchasing power accounting is very useful to provide financial information for management and its intact the purchasing power of capital which contributed by shareholders, its useful in inflation time so now in current time this method is very useful. Advantages of Current Cost Accounting This methods use present value of assets, instead of the original purchase price. This type of accounting is addresses the difference between historical and current cost accounting system. This method assigns higher values on the assets owned by the business. This method also used during bankruptcy and liquidation procedures to find the total loss to the owner (Ask). Comments Cost accounting provides accurate situation of the connection between specific cost and specific outputs because traces resources as they moves through company. By adopting cost accounting for business, in that way we learn resources are being wasted and which resource are most profitable (Chron).

Prejudice and Racism †All We Need is Love, All We Got is Hate :: Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays

As the snow covered the house that my grandma occupies, I looked out the window to the neighbor's front door, their mailbox, and the circular driveway they had. It was just another home, where kids could build a snowman or throw snowballs on the front lawn. But there where no children or snowmen here. And beneath the snow, the word "N-I-G-G-E-R" was written in the grass. A family- a home- where they had bothered no one. One night someone decided to take weed killer and burn it in giant letters into their lawn. This is why our nation, the melting pot of many races, needs to confront the problem and deal with what really is in front of us. When I first really thought about this, I thought, this is not Mississippi, or Alabama; this is Michigan, and it's in my grandma's neighborhood. And the thing is, their a normal family, just like any other. They went on trips in the summer, and spring, and this time came back to a message on the lawn. I sat there that day watching cars go by their house as if it were haunted or something. I guess it can happen anywhere. But this snow-covered house is still a reflection of America, white on top with a hatred burning underneath. I go to a college, where the races meet every day. Colored man helps white man; white man helps colored man. Doesn't sound right ? That's how bad our society has gotten. Disturbing? Of course. But what is more disturbing is, lately when these issues of racism have come up, there seems to be impatience and annoyance. "Does everything have to be racism?" people ask. And they're always complaining that "It's just a little thing." No, it's not. People are always saying that there is little prejudice. But how is that true ? It's like saying you're a little pregnant; can't happen. But this is nothing new. How many times have you heard "He's fast; for a white guy." Or "White men can't jump," Or "All black guys can jump and dance." And in reality these are all hateful things to say. As whites, we are the majority, and don't always realize it. And whenever there's racist complaints, we say "OK, we'll change" with a sigh. It's the white's who go crazy to get black athlete's autographs. They say "We love you!" yet how many would let them date your daughter? Although I say this, I do believe that some progress has been made. But I do think that when you're the majority, you do have to guard against

Architecture as a Political Tool for Change

Red LocationArchitecture as a Political Tool for Change Could you speak about the context of the project-Port Elizabeth as a Port City and New Brighton as a Township? Port Elizabeth sits on the East Coast ofSouth Africa and interestingly enough it was one of the first topographic points to be discovered by the Portuguese, on their geographic expeditions to the East. The metropolis sits on a big bay called Algoa Bay and offers great entree to the backwoods of South Africa. It was truly given form in colonial footings by the 1820 Settlers but in the 20thcentury became the Centre of car industry of Africa and most of the world’s major auto makers had assembly lines in Port Elizabeth. So it is a tough minded industrial town. You could state it is much like a company town, a spot like Detroit. It is a topographic point that ne'er had any industry to back up it, other than a port and the motor auto industry. In the last portion of the 20thcentury it was the site of a great trade of internal battle, chiefly led by the trade brotherhoods, which were mostly responsible for the ruin of apartheid. You could state that the autumn of the apartheid authorities was made touchable by the opposition mounted within the state and it was the trade brotherhoods in Port Elizabeth who mostly shaped that. So it is an industrial town with a strong and proud trade brotherhood history. It has had its ups and downs like all industrial metropoliss have had. The context of New Brighton so, is that it provides most of the labor for the car industry. The people who live there are ferociously proud. Obviously trade unionism and trade brotherhood civilization is really much portion of the manner they see the universe and Red Location is an of import Centre in New Brighton. It is in a sense one of the few sites of battle in the state where trade unionism is really strongly marked. The metropolis was best characterized by the early work of Athol Fugard, which were all set in Port Elizabeth. The plants truly dealt with a tough sort of urban Centre, where people struggled for endurance and managed to do sense of lives that were truly devastated by apartheid, and assorted other things. It is a great metropolis but it is a metropolis that has ever had an unsure hereafter. The people are truly great, because most of them have merely known adversity, so they don’t have the same sort of outlook that people from Johannesburg, Cape Town or Durban might hold. They are much more down to earth and much more able to set up with less, with a batch more temper. I think it is one of the nicest metropoliss to work in. What is the significance of Red Location? Red Location was the first settled urban black community in the whole of South Africa, and it came approximately, oddly plenty through the Boer War. The edifices that comprised Red Location in 1902 really came from an Afrikaner concentration cantonment. At the terminal of the Boer War, the barracks were dismantled and were so taken to Red Location and re-assembled to originally suit a battalion of British soldiers, who shortly moved out. The first African black households so moved in. So it is historically of import because it was the first African black community in the state. And for this ground it really became the Centre of the rational and cultural life of New Brighton, which grew to a community of, what is today, approximately half a million people. You had great figures like George Pemba, the creative person, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba and Ernest Malgas among others who are really of import people in our history who came from New Brighton. It was besides a site of battle. In the late 1940s the battle against apartheid intensified, many of the leaders of that battle came from New Brighton and peculiarly the Red Location country. Thingss like the first resistance, armed MK cell existed in Red Location. The first inactive opposition against the base on balls Torahs was mounted in Red Location, led by Raymond Mhlaba, which took topographic point at the Red Location railroad station. So there were a figure of important events that truly mark Red Location as a national site of battle. What for me is most interesting is this really self-contradictory inversion, where you have a set of infinites [ the barracks ] which were constructed for the captivity of Afrikaner adult females and kids. They were efficaciously concentration cantonments. About 30 five 1000 Afrikaner adult females and kids died in those concentration cantonments. Then after the Boer War they were re-assembled in a black country, where black households lived. So with the rise of Afrikaner patriotism, you have Afrikanders, efficaciously incarcerating black people, in assorted different ways, in the same set of infinites. So those edifices have gone through a figure of different battles. And in a manner it is a strong metaphor for this state, that in a manner, everyone in this state has fought for their freedom at one phase or another. So the thought with Red Location was that it would be the ideal topographic point for a museum, which would cover truly with rapprochement. Where you could convey together the histories of the Afrikaner people and the histories of the black African people and show that they both suffered in different ways at different times, under different groups and governments. So it was in a manner about speaking about a existent signifier of rapprochement. It wasn’t merely one group against another. So the alone conditions of Red Location lent itself fabulously for a museum. Second Ernest Malgas, Raymond Mhlaba and Govan Mbeki wanted to happen some manner to maintain the memory of Red Location alive so that future coevalss would be able to understand what people had suffered, under apartheid. So in a self-contradictory move, we thought, what better topographic point in Port Elizabeth than to utilize Red Location as the new cultural Centre of the metropolis. You have the site of battle that you so conveying people from different parts of the metropolis, to prosecute in cultural activities, where you have a museum which negotiations about all these different battles of a whole scope of different people. And that is how the whole thought was born, which is a antic manner of believing about spacial transmutation. It truly reaches deep into the manner in which people feel about their universes if you confront them with all these different histories. So that was the purpose that lay behind it and we are now seeking to do that into a concrete world. Could you describe the cardinal thoughts for the Museum and how the histories of Red Location or South Africa were represented in the Memory Boxes? The thought of the memory boxes was bound up with the inquiry of how to do a museum in modern-day South Africa that would be directed towards, a populace that may hold ne'er been into a museum before. How could youre-describe the modern-day museum that would be accessible to a populace that might hold no construct what a museum is? And that’swherethe thought of the memory box came from. It is something that we all know. It is boundup with the thought of stand foring the yesteryear and which goes all the manner back to the Boer War concentration camp.One of the jobs with the concentration cantonments was that while, thirty five 1000 Afrikaner adult females and kids died an equal figure of black adult females and kids besides died in the camps.At the terminal of the Boer War, Emily Hobhouse wanted to do a memorial that would memorialize the agony of adult females and kids in the war. The Afrikaner patriots so, got clasp of that thought and they removed any mention toblack adult females and kids and made the Vrouemonument, which became this powerful symbol in the rise of Afrikaner patriotism. So they efficaciously rewrote history and excluded black adult females and kids in order to fulfill their peculiar nationalist involvement. So I didn’t want the Red Location museum to reiterate the same thing for black people, where the museum would state the narrative of the black people subverting the white people and so it would merely be a narrative about black triumph over white people. Therewere many white voices that had to be heard and there were many adult females that were involved. So I wanted to travel off from the meta-narrative, because when you tell a individual history you exclude excessively much, which is what the Afrikaner patriots did. So the memory box became a manner of interrupting up narrative of history into a series of episodes which are bound up about subjects to make with battle instead than a series of additive events. So it was both a political thought and a spacial thought. The new edifices within the precinct, and peculiarly the Museum, have a really distinguishable architectural linguistic communication. How did the physical and or political context of Red Location give signifier and form to the edifices? There were two things which I thought were of import. Firstly it was 1998 and the whole inquiry of what constituted public architecture and how public edifices be represented in the state was up for inquiry. There was, in a sense a antic chance, for this new beginning of doing new civic architecture and realising that, at that point in clip, the linguistic communication of the civic architecture of the yesteryear would be inappropriate for doing civic edifices of the hereafter. One of the most interesting exercisings of that clip was the Constitutional Court, which truly had to make with a edifice which was a mixture of a whole batch of different things. And, in a manner, one could state that was a really clear representation of the thought that we are a really assorted heterogenous society and that the public edifices we make should reflect that. That was one attack. I took a more political attack and truly wanted to give look to the epic histrions of the trade brotherhoods. In most parts of the universe the saw-tooth roof is seen as a symbol of topographic points where people are exploited and I thought possibly in South Africa there could be a different reading of it-that it could read as a topographic point where the battle was fought and won and that it could be a topographic point imbued with virtuousness. This thought was proved to be effectual in three ways. First that it was a omnipresent signifier found throughout South Africa, it was symbolically associated with trade unionism and thirdly it was an effectual manner of ventilating and conveying visible radiation into the edifices. So for the competition I designed seven or so edifices, and decided that the linguistic communication which would keep the edifices together, would be the thought of conveying visible radiation in through the roof, but the roof signifier would be changed and adjusted to accommodate the programmatic demands of the infinite below. The edifices have an inexplicit relationship to the street, made touchable through the interaction of people with the frontages. Could you elaborate on this? Well the urban scheme was to make an ten, a cross-road, which is the most straightforward signifier of taging an urban infinite. One of the things I didn’t want to make was to make public unfastened infinite, because public infinite has to turn and organize itself over clip, you can’t do it immediately. But it seemed to me that the best public infinite in South Africa is the street and the manner in which life happens along its borders. So what we did at Red Location was to reenforce the thought of street and where we make bigger infinites we merely created indentures in the edifices which come straight off the street. This is nevertheless a comparatively new thought for public edifices in South Africa. The metropolis has for a long clip held the position that all public edifices had to be behind fencings. We confronted them on this and they were good plenty to give us the spell in front. And it has worked. Other than the uneven scratch here or at that place, the edifices have been good looked after by the people. So it seems to be a reasonably good scheme for doing public edifices. For me the most successful move we made was the diagonal cut across the forepart of the museum because people really travel right into the infinite of the museum even though it is outside it still becomes portion of their day-to-day lives. They are really straightforward thoughts, it is non rocket scientific discipline, but we seem to hold lost these things as designers because we make things excessively complicated, we move excessively far off from what is so obvious to us. Then on a smaller graduated table the thought was to line the walls of the edifices with seating, shadiness and trees. One of the loveliest things I have seen take topographic point during summer eventides is outside the archive edifice. The seats that line the wall have a series of visible radiations above them and between them you have small dark infinites and I have seen about eight twosomes sitting in these darker pools, sitting at that place and spooning. This is like, their topographic point where they could acquire together, and I thought, this is merely the best thing that architecture could be-this topographic point where immature people can come to snuggle. The edifices have a house order, made explicit by the usage of the concrete frame. Be it the purpose to do the edifices adaptable or to suit multiple utilizations? That’s a slippery 1. It was ne'er the purpose to do the infinites adaptable or mutable. That said, the museum is really frequently non used as a museum. A batch of the people sing the museum are go toing talks, book launches and even wine tasting. So the museum has become something much more than a museum but has become a Centre for community engagement the place of black intellectuals. So I think if you make infinites that have a strong order and that order has a good proportion I think it can ever accommodate to alterations in usage over clip. I think when you have fragmented infinites, which are strictly shaped by programmatic usage it becomes about impossible to adapt.But built-in in the design of the edifices is an overarching order and a system of proportion that would impart themselves to other utilizations if need be. They can be kicked around, they are robust. What informed the stuff picks? In general footings, when 1 makes a edifice one is ever confronted with a million picks and you have to somehow bound yourself. What seems to do the most sense in making that is to merely utilize what is locally available. The metropolis has a authorization that all public edifices are required to hold a 50 % local labour constituent which meant that we had to plan edifices which were non overly-complex in their devising. We used concrete block which was made by the contractor. The pine is Tsitsikamma pine, which is a really beautiful wood from the nearby Tsitsikamma wood. The other thought is truly a didactic 1. To state to the people who live in Red Location that we must travel off from this thought of sing where you live as a 2nd rate topographic point, but instead that stuffs used in your environment are baronial stuffs and when used decently can truly be used to do rather beautiful things. So it is non about the stuffs itself but how one uses them. And so it empowers people, to gain that if they build out of concrete block and pine they can really do truly nice palisading systems. So it is non about demoing up the sort of poorness but instead working with what is omnipresent to the country and promoting it to give it a signifier of pride and regard. I frequently get asked by co-workers or other designers whether possibly people in Red Location would prefer the edifices to non be made with concrete block, pine and steel sheeting? But I have ne'er thought of it in that manner, so long as they are put together in a pleasing mode. We as in-between category citizens seem to transport those biass more than anyone else. On more micro graduated table there was a sense of seeking to happen a linguistic communication of stuffs that would reflect people’s relationship with them. So the material that people would touch would be made from soft warm stuffs and the material that they didn’t touch would be made out robust stuffs such as concrete, so where people would sit we would utilize lumber and line the walls with rug. So it was reasonably straightforward in that sense. The edifices are truly rather large, could you discourse this? One of the first unfavorable judgment we received about the museum was that it was excessively large and that the graduated table was incorrect. That it didn’t transport a human graduated table. I have ever been rather amused by that thought, because somehow the thought of human graduated table, is something that worlds can make. But it isn’t that. Human graduated table can be present in immense edifices, it is more about accomplishing the right proportions and composing of the parts. One of the jobs with townships is that they have excessively much of one sort of graduated table, there is no alleviation at all from these individual narrative edifices, so the thought of edifice large edifices in a township is great because you so acquire a apposition of graduated tables. But one ever has to convey the graduated table down through the composing of the elements. It is the same thought as a Gothic cathedral, which has a monumental graduated table and as you move closer and closer you see more and more item, until you can finally follow the lineation of a saint which has been carved out of rock, with your fingertips. It is that sort of grading of edifices which we don’t have any longer, which is my job with say the work of Frank Gehry, who I think is a great designer, but his edifices have no graduated table. One could construct them at half the size and it would read in the same manner. I think that comes from the computing machine because the computing machine doesn’t have a graduated table, and that’s a great job we face. Last, you work a batch by manus. What is the significance or importance of this, both in your personal work and for architecture as a whole? I think through the act of pulling. There is nil that the computing machine can make that can replicatethat sense ofcontrol that you have by pulling by manus. Whenyou draw by the manus you connect with your head and your bosom, and it is an action that you can command. It has immediate graduated table, because you have a splanchnic connexion between your manus and your encephalon. So I truly believe it is of import. I think it is get downing to be rediscovered, you see in architectural diaries that are get downing to print tonss of drawings by designers, which is good. It has besides got to make with a lesson I learnt from Pancho Guedes. He taught me that one should ne'er finish a drawing, but instead redraw and redraw and it is through the act of redrawing that the thought becomes more crystalline. I one time found Pancho redrawing a program he had worked on twenty old ages ago, and he was merely seeking to acquire it better and better, and that’s how you learn.

Financial Support Letter Example

The following is provided on behalf of (name) to support his petition to be considered an independent student. In January of 2012 1 became aware of (name) intention to attend school at The College of the Siskiyous in Weed, California. I also became aware of an unfortunate diminishing relationship between him and his parents and the impending affects that that relationship has and will continue to have on his efforts to pursue a college degree.As a former teacher at Meade High School, where (name) graduated, I had the distinct pleasure of meeting this very poised young man. I believe he has turned his ife around and is determined to succeed both as a father and as a student. Our relationship grew to where he trusted me. I have received many calls where he talked about the struggles of being abandoned by his parents and left to survive on his own. I have continued to provide counsel and guidance on the importance and value of staying the course.I applaud his courage attend a college, p articularly one that is located across country from his hometown. While I know that he has been quite resourceful in obtaining the necessary financial support to meet his needs, this does not negate the fact that this s truly a young man who is struggling – and one with no assurance that money will be available to support his educational needs. (name) is an excellent athlete and quite capable of achieving excellence in the classroom.Like everyone else, he deserves an opportunity to get a decent education. I believe we live in a society where â€Å"no child should be left behind,† particularly when it comes to education. Accordingly, I strongly believe that this child should no longer be left to fend for himself. Therefore, I strongly recommend that he be supported financially, to the greatest extent possible, in the furtherance of his education.

REL212 WEEK 4 Example

REL212 WEEK 4 Example REL212 WEEK 4 – Term Paper Example Religion and Theology Religion and Theology Wu Wei refers to a concept of Daoism that means knowing when to act or not to act. It also means a natural action. An aspect of Taoism is not to act but do everything. Non-doing is a spontaneous and effortless action. The aspect is immensely practical in the west as people experience themselves as part of unity of life. The city dwellers are, therefore, in a position to maintain balance and harmony (Bowler, 2010, p. 23).This is an appropriate way for a person to live his/her life since it implies an activity that is natural, spontaneous, and without effort. It also promotes ones ability to learn and listen to both voices of environment and ones own voices. This enables us to heed intelligence for both body and mind.Paradox of Wu WeiThis arises since the statement is contradictory in nature. A good example of the paradox is a matter of how one act without acting. People try not to try by making it understandable and easy as if not trying. To eliminate the paradox, this means act on something before it comes into existence (Huang, and Chia, 2005, p. 11).Powers that a Confucius’ Superior Person as a modern-day super hero would haveToday, superior person posses’ powers like wealth, advanced education, and influential positions in church and the government. The person would use his character of benevolence to combat evil. This is a person who has considerable influence on the people and an optimistic view of the nature of human beings. They appreciate heaven as a personal and positive force in the universe (Huang, and Chia, 2005, p. 14).Someone who meets Confucius’ characteristics for a Superior PersonKong Fu meets the Confucius characteristics of a superior person. Superior people make their thoughts sincere; their objective must be truth and does not set their mind against anything or for anything. Kong, a philosopher positively influenced the life of East Asians through his teachings. He believed th at if one knows the truth and do not act on it, then he/she lacks courage. He ensured that he delivered all the vital information to the people (Bowler, 2010, p. 29).The past assignments have made me realize the importance of avoiding violation of moral principles. They have made me mature into a superior person who copes with the prevailing situations. I am more concerned of virtue, composed and satisfied as opposed to concentrating on comfort.ReferencesBowler, P. (2010). The Completely Superior Persons Book of Words: Bloomsbury PublishingHuang, T., Chia, M. (2005). The secret teachings of the Tao te ching: Inner Traditions / Bear & Co

Oral Report Tips for Speaking to Your Class

Oral Report Tips for Speaking to Your Class Does the thought of giving an oral report make you queasy? If so, youre not alone. People of all ages and occupations- even those with public speaking experience- feel the same way. The good news is that there are many things you can do to prepare and feel calmer during your talk. Just follow the tips below to gear up for a super performance. Tips for Presenting As with many things in life, delivering an oral report will be much easier if you take time to prepare for it. Preparation will give you confidence and help you focus on what matters when youre finally in the spotlight. Write your report to be heard, not read. There is a difference between words that are meant to be heard in your head and words that are meant to be heard out loud. Youll see this once you begin to practice what youve written, as some sentences will sound choppy or too formal.Practice your report out loud. This is very important. There will be some phrases that you will stumble over, even though they look simple. Read out loud when you practice and make changes to any phrases that stop your flow.On the morning of your report, eat something but dont drink soda. Carbonated beverages will give you dry mouth, and caffeine will affect your nerves and make you jittery. Stick to water or juice instead.Dress appropriately, and in layers. You never know whether the room will be hot or cold. Either could give you the shakes, so prepare for both.Once you stand up, take a moment to gather your thoughts or relax. Dont be afraid to give yourself a silent pause before you begin. Look through your pa per for a moment. If your heart is beating hard, this will give it an opportunity to calm down. If you do this right, it actually looks very professional, too. If you start to speak and your voice is shaky, take a pause. Clear your throat. Take a few relaxing breaths and start again.Focus on someone at the back of the room. This has a calming effect on some speakers. It may feel weird, but it doesnt look weird.Take the stage. Pretend youre a professional on TV. This gives confidence.Prepare an I dont know answer if people will be asking questions. Dont be afraid to say you dont know. You can say something like, That is a great question. Ill look into that.Have a good ending line. Avoid an awkward moment at the end by preparing a strong conclusion. Dont back away, mumbling Well, I guess thats all. Other Advice More generally, you can prepare for an oral report by deeply researching your topic and practicing your speech before a mirror or video camera. Know your topic well. If you feel confident about your knowledge, you will feel confident when it comes time to share that knowledge with others.If possible, make a practice video and watch yourself to see how you sound. Pay attention to your posture and tone of voice. If you have any nervous tics- such as saying um or ah- try to reduce them as much as you can.Dont pick the day of your report to experiment with a new style. It may give you an extra reason to feel nervous in front of a crowd.Walk up to your speaking location early to give your nerves time to calm down.

Ahhh...The Test

Do you ever feel sweat coming from your hands? If you say yes, I bet I know why your hands are sweating†¦ it’s the test, isn’t it? I know it’s creepy, but here are ways to help you get good grades on everything you get. You don’t cheat, you practice, and you let your brain do the work, these are the advice I would give you, if you follow them, I hope that you should get a higher grade on your test. The following paragraphs will show you why you should follow my advices. My first advice is you don’t cheat. For example if you cheat, it’s called cheating, and that won’t help you pass the test, you might pass it, but what is it worth for? You will not understand anything they teach you, so re you cheating them, or are you really cheating yourself? Cheating is bad, because once in a while you’ll get caught by the teacher. Another advice is you practice. For example if you practice you’ll get smarter. And then you can do the test like it is a piece of cake. Have you ever heard the phrase â€Å"Practice makes perfect†? Well believe in that phrase. It has proved very useful. I strongly believe in that phrase, because if you keep practicing, you will eventually find what kind of mistakes your making, and then you’ll learn to avoid all those mistakes. The last advice is you let your brain do the work. For example since you’ve practiced so hard for it, relax, I mean be nervous a little, but don’t worry too much, relax and have faith in yourself, say this in your head â€Å"I’m going to ace this test!†. Your brain will speed through the questions as if they were nothing much than a bug. In conclusion don’t cheat, because it’s going to get you nowhere.(except maybe the principle’s office.) Practice, Practice, Practice, because if you don’t you’ll regret it. And let your brain do all the work, because your brain has all the facts you need. Follow these advices, and there will be unlimited possibilities for your future. TRUST ME, when I used all these methods, I got the highest score on the 5th grade math test. And remember this is a secret between you and me†¦ don’t tell a soul. Good luck on your test†¦ oh wait, you don’t need luck you have skills on your side, so go ace that test!

Religion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Religion - Assignment Example The weight is very much dependant on the experiential dimension of the religion. The experience that one has with a given religion can decide the way the religion is perceived. Even non believers have a time in their life when they have a spiritual experience. The more experiences that happen will amount to a higher belief. Humans have the tendency to believe what they see or experience. The ability to experience can fill the need one may have. A strong relationship allows the one seeking the relationship to focus their life around the experience. This can allow the weight of the rational side of religion to be equal to the experience. Being conscious allows humans to see and believe. Seeing and believing are very important parts of being able to feel while being conscious. When it comes to religion, it is important to be able to consciously know that there is something there that the individual can have a relationship with. This relationship can change one’s life and be obtained consciously and

Threats to Global Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Threats to Global Security - Essay Example The nation-states drafted or enlisted vast segments of the population base to build huge armies, navies, air forces, and nuclear weaponry, and the military command of each nation used this force with unrestrained power, even against civilian populations. The â€Å"old† war pattern led to hundreds of millions of individual deaths across the world during the course of the 20th Century. In a different interpretation focusing on media, Heidi Schaefer writes in â€Å"Old Wars New Wars†: â€Å"The famous photograph of a man being executed by a shot to the head by South Vietnam Lt. Colonel Ngyen Ngoc Loan, Saigon Chief of Police... taken by Eddie Adams, in 1968, on a side street in Saigon and later won him... a Pulitzer prize. In Adams’ obituary, the Washington Post wrote on this defining image of the violence of war in the latter half of the 20th century: ‘It was war in its purest, most personal form.’† (Schaefer, 2009) Thus, in evaluating the defin ition of â€Å"old† wars, it can be stated that on the global or international level, â€Å"old† wars operate on the Clausewitzian model of â€Å"total war† and mass-mobilization of societies that cause immense amounts of social and economic destruction. On the local level, â€Å"old† wars operate as in the Eddie Adam’s photo, the brutality of a man shot in the head, the passion of the scene, the emotions, and desperation are all caught on camera and recorded as a â€Å"total history†. In using this understanding to build a conception of â€Å"new† wars, these can be seen as â€Å"conflicts† that operate on a limited or isolated basis globally, generally in failed States or in surgical military operations led by the hegemonic powers. Where â€Å"total war† characterized the old paradigm, â€Å"contained war† is symbolic of the new. This may also include increased systematization, de-personalization, and abstractio n of violence so as to understand that State violence becomes more â€Å"stylized† in the operation of â€Å"new† war, as in a â€Å"cosmopolitan† police action. Additionally, there is a greater tendency to covert action, marginalized conflicts, lack of media coverage of non-central States, and disappearance of history that suggest in the local operation of â€Å"new† war, there is an inherent secrecy or hidden aspect that relates to containment, and can be seen as contrary to the Eddie Adams model. This means the media may not be centrally present in the â€Å"new† wars; the violence may not be recorded and broadcast in graphic imagery, but rather masked and stylized by the State in Hollywood manner in order to continue status quo operations with violence contained to the destruction of media-driven stereotypes of â€Å"foreign enemies† and â€Å"terror†. In reviewing the academic literature on the definition of â€Å"old† war and â€Å"new† war, there is a consistent theme of scholars writing on the subject to identify the 9/11 attacks as ushering in a new paradigm in the conduct of war. In "Old Laws, New Wars: Jus ad Bellum in an Age of Terrorism," William K. Lietzau writes: "At 8:46 on the morning of 11 September 2001, a handful of terrorists propelled the globe into an era of profound change... Whether or not recognized, acknowledged, or asserted, 9/11 and the response thereto brought forth a nascent legal regime that will alter the way nation states apply the rule of

Type of Leaders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Type of Leaders - Assignment Example It is clear from the assignment that the lesson plan is appropriately divided into several sections making it very easy to follow. Each activity is described completely. The teacher is given a step-by-step guide. One noticed however that there was no indication of a time frame for each activity suggested. The format of the lesson plan is written in a form that could easily be understood and read through quickly. One thinks that this is a better format than doing it in a narrative form. The sections on References, Instructional Aids, Materials Needed, Equipment Needed and the Learner Preparation are particularly helpful to the instructor. These sections are indeed appropriate in communicating the content of the lesson. The Content Outline is well-done and easy to follow. The lesson plan is logical and very clear. It encourages the students to be critical thinkers and provides them with opportunities to apply the theories they have learned by relating it to the real world. The pop quiz and online leadership assessment attached to the lesson plan will allow the students to express their ideas freely. They will also be able to interpret the information that they just learned. The quiz will promote their reasoning abilities and help them think what kind of leaders they are. Both the quiz and the assessment are adequate closures which will reinforce the learning process. They synthesize the lesson on leadership. In terms of evaluating the learning outcomes for the lesson, one thinks that there are no clearly identified means of assessing the student’s understanding. Although the pop quiz and the leadership assessment may probably help, it is suggested that the plan include a rubric which the teacher may provide the students so that they will know how they will be graded.

Telephone interview for the London Borough of Newtown2 Essay

Telephone interview for the London Borough of Newtown2 - Essay Example Both qualitative and quantitative data are summarized in this report, to give a clear understanding of people’s responses obtained. 1. Confirming Caretaking Services The first question in the interview was the base to rest of the questions as it caters people’s direct responses about caretaking services being offered. The interview was not carried out further if the respondent answered No to the question to confirm that their estate provides caretaking services. On this question to confirm estate services of caretaking, a greater number of people responded positively, saying that their estate local authority does offer caretaking services to its residents. From the 400 interviews being taken, 266 responded in positive while the rest 134 said that the local authority does not provide such services. This data leads to the finding that there are around 33% of people who carry the impression of the local authority, being non- active in their estate cleaning and caretaking s ervices (Venter & Waldt, 2007). 2. Responses in Cleaning services For residents who responded ‘Yes’ to the first question, the interview was proceed further to ask them about their opinion on the quality of services being offered. This question addresses the cleaning services in the estate and which are the areas in which needs to be worked on by the local authority. ... i. Removal of Litter Waste of litter and junk stuff in passageways and roads is one core problem for many people as it creates hindrances in traffic flow in lanes and walkways (United Nations Environment Programme, 2013). So this question was catered right after the respondent affirmed about the services of the estate. Out of the 400 respondents, 165 were satisfied with the litter removing services of the estate. On the contrary, 101 residents were dissatisfied from this service and suggested that there is a big room for improvement in this area of cleaning. The rest 134 residents being interviewed gave the response of no opinion. Two findings that can be made from this data are that, the people responding no opinion to this question are not fully dissatisfied as then they would have a stand in against of the removal of litter service. Hence, it can be said that a bigger majority of people are content with this service being offered. Second majority are the people who are neither com pletely satisfied nor dissatisfied, but can be considered to be inclined towards satisfaction. Then a minority of people, making around 25% of the total interviewees, falls in the category of dissatisfied residents in cleaning and removal of litter (Guillain, 2008). ii. Cleaning of Bin Areas The next part of the question was related to the cleaning of bin areas of the locality. These are the areas where trash bins are located, and people trash their junk and rubbish into theses bins. When these bins are not emptied on regular intervals, then people drop their trash beside the bins or in the passageway, which creates health and environment problems due to exposure of

Issues Related to Social Security Fund Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues Related to Social Security Fund - Essay Example In 2012 balance of payment in the fund was 57.3 Billion dollars on the plus side after paying complete liabilities which shows good situation of the fund. However 2012 Trustees Report has projected calculations according to which the fund will collapse by year 2033 due to downward trend in wages and excessive borrowing by Treasury. There have been speculations by financial experts according to which the fund lacks strength to sustain itself over coming decades despite current value of $ 2.7 Trillion quoted by National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare ( 2012 ) . According to There is one opinion that it is unfair to charge the same amount from a billionaire and the one earning $110,000 per annum . The fixation of earning limit is known as Payroll Cap, which is required to be enhanced to $ 250,000 to keep it progressive for the next 75 years, according to few analysts. According to senator Bernie Sanders quoted by Common Dreams Website (2012) â€Å"Social Security Fu nd faces no risk†. Currently 55 Million American benefit from the fund. Although the income may be as low as $ 23000 for a couple, in many cases this is the only source of income they have in the old age. In this back drop the fund is saving millions from poverty in old age and remains one of the best social programs in American history. The significance of program can be judged from the fact that before it half of senior citizens lived under poverty whereas after its launch only 10 % live under that line. The current discussion about the program is related to budget deficit in USA. Few financial experts have proposed that in order to balance the budget a cut should be introduced on social security fund and other programs like Medicare and Medicaid etc. President Bush introduced tax cuts for two years in 2010 which will expire in the end 2012. There is a debate that these tax cuts be made permanent despite the fact that over next 75 years loss in revenue due to taxation would be twice as great as shortfall in social security fund. For long-term solvency in Social Security Fund an early decision by lawmakers is necessary to spread cost over decades and give savings confidence to people retiring over the years. The budgetary cuts imposed now will have economic impact on American Nation in the decades to come therefore extreme caution is required while making changes in legislation. People who were born in baby boomer era would be entering retirement bracket in current decade therefore there would be a bigger pressure on Social security Fund. However it is upto the policy makers to guide the Nation in the correct direction. Why was the article written about the topic at the current time? The article has been written at the current time due to following reasons. First of all Bush Administration enacted the Taxation laws in end 2010 for two years, the limit of this law would have terminated by end of 2012 however it has been extended by President Obama accord ing to Jennifer (2012) . This means payment of more taxes in the name of Social Security and other related programs. Since Social Security Fund is already surplus to the tone of $ 57.3 Billion after paying liabilities, there has been a demand to slash down the fund. Historically it is common for this fund to exceed liabilities therefore reduction in this fund to balance the budget (due to recession) is being demanded which is not logical in the long term effects on dependents of fund. How

Conventional Cost Allocation Systems versus Activity Based Cost Essay - 2

Conventional Cost Allocation Systems versus Activity Based Cost Systems - Essay Example Quite a number prefer the ABC systems over the traditional cost allocation systems. One issue that has been pointed out when comparing the cost systems is the accuracy. Martin (59) argues that the ABC systems are more accurate than the conventional system. The information that is delivered through this system is more precise and can help the management in decision-making. This means for effective use of this system there should a combination of the internal decision making with the external reporting system (Kaplan 58). The fact that there are no details that are assumed by the ABC system according to her proposition. In support of the conventional systems, the issue of efficiency and effectiveness arises. While the ABC system is efficient it provides so many details that are not necessary for the day-to-day running of the business (Cooper and Robert 1). These details accumulate to make a huge workload that is unnecessary. On the other hand, the conventional systems provide only the required details. The facts that stockholders, as well as creditors, have no interest in knowing the product that generates more profit neither the customers. However, the ABC system can be advantageous over the conventional system because it does not assume any detail hence there are high chances of increasing profitability due to the well-kept inventory (Cugini and Oilonato 127). Another issue raised is the ability of ABC systems to increase the company’s competitiveness. Some of the opponents of ABC systems have argued that ABC systems are not the only solution that faces the business world. The argument has been, there is the need for the systems to be complementary instead of having to compete (Martin 70). He proceeds on to argue that despite the accuracy in costs that comes with the system, the issue that should be addressed to increase the company’s profitability is a change in processes.  Ã‚  

Issues Related to Social Security Fund Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues Related to Social Security Fund - Essay Example In 2012 balance of payment in the fund was 57.3 Billion dollars on the plus side after paying complete liabilities which shows good situation of the fund. However 2012 Trustees Report has projected calculations according to which the fund will collapse by year 2033 due to downward trend in wages and excessive borrowing by Treasury. There have been speculations by financial experts according to which the fund lacks strength to sustain itself over coming decades despite current value of $ 2.7 Trillion quoted by National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare ( 2012 ) . According to There is one opinion that it is unfair to charge the same amount from a billionaire and the one earning $110,000 per annum . The fixation of earning limit is known as Payroll Cap, which is required to be enhanced to $ 250,000 to keep it progressive for the next 75 years, according to few analysts. According to senator Bernie Sanders quoted by Common Dreams Website (2012) â€Å"Social Security Fu nd faces no risk†. Currently 55 Million American benefit from the fund. Although the income may be as low as $ 23000 for a couple, in many cases this is the only source of income they have in the old age. In this back drop the fund is saving millions from poverty in old age and remains one of the best social programs in American history. The significance of program can be judged from the fact that before it half of senior citizens lived under poverty whereas after its launch only 10 % live under that line. The current discussion about the program is related to budget deficit in USA. Few financial experts have proposed that in order to balance the budget a cut should be introduced on social security fund and other programs like Medicare and Medicaid etc. President Bush introduced tax cuts for two years in 2010 which will expire in the end 2012. There is a debate that these tax cuts be made permanent despite the fact that over next 75 years loss in revenue due to taxation would be twice as great as shortfall in social security fund. For long-term solvency in Social Security Fund an early decision by lawmakers is necessary to spread cost over decades and give savings confidence to people retiring over the years. The budgetary cuts imposed now will have economic impact on American Nation in the decades to come therefore extreme caution is required while making changes in legislation. People who were born in baby boomer era would be entering retirement bracket in current decade therefore there would be a bigger pressure on Social security Fund. However it is upto the policy makers to guide the Nation in the correct direction. Why was the article written about the topic at the current time? The article has been written at the current time due to following reasons. First of all Bush Administration enacted the Taxation laws in end 2010 for two years, the limit of this law would have terminated by end of 2012 however it has been extended by President Obama accord ing to Jennifer (2012) . This means payment of more taxes in the name of Social Security and other related programs. Since Social Security Fund is already surplus to the tone of $ 57.3 Billion after paying liabilities, there has been a demand to slash down the fund. Historically it is common for this fund to exceed liabilities therefore reduction in this fund to balance the budget (due to recession) is being demanded which is not logical in the long term effects on dependents of fund. How

The american dream Essay Example for Free

The american dream Essay The American dream, isn’t this what everyone is chasing? Isn’t this why people work so hard and go to extreme lengths just to achieve this â€Å"Dream†? Owning a home, having a family, and basically living care free is the â€Å"dream† that is projected, but is this goal that so many people are told to strive for even obtainable? There is a belief that once this goal is achieve all the troubles will some how fly out the window, but sadly that isn’t true. The American dream itself is nothing easy to gain, and the quest for this dream can tear anybody that isn’t ready apart. Through Jackson’s â€Å"The Residue Years† and Diaz’s â€Å"This Is How You Lose Her†, they were able to show how difficult it is to achieve the â€Å"dream† and how the journey could affect not only the person striving for it but also the people around them. With both of their unique writings styles they are able to let the reader feel connected with the person on a personal level. Champ from â€Å"The Residue Years† and Ramon from â€Å"This Is How You Lose Her† are two characters that are working towards the American dream, but don’t see how everyone around them is affected by their actions. At times chasing a certain dreams can cause a person to neglect the people and situations around them. The odds are already stacked against anyone who is not white, especially when trying to achieve the American dream or should i say White Dream. The problem with a lot of people are they are trying to obtain something that is not for them, for example the American dream is a belief that has been already thought out for everybody, and if this dream isn’t met then a person is considered unsuccessful. Why chase a dream that was only meant for certain people, like Champ said â€Å"You’re right, not everything’s about race. But what if this is? (Jackson 80)†. Champ is trying to reach this goal and keep his family from falling apart while trying to provide for his girlfriend, mothers, and two little brothers by selling the same drugs his mother is hooked on. He wasn’t good enough at basketball to go pro and doesn’t believe furthering his education will give him what he wants. Champ, an African American male, couldn’t play basketball so he sell drugs, fits the stereotype doesn’t it. Ramon on the other hand, a Latino male, been in America for ten years working at a bread factory trying to achieve the American dream with his wife back home and his mistress in the states supporting him. Although Ramon desires a house, but understand that he is already at a disadvantage because of his race, Hes been talking about the house he wants to buy, how hard it is to find one when youre Latino. (Diaz 30). Both characters believe that a house is the answer to their problems and doing everything in their power to get it. This land of opportunity but limits those opportunities to the ones who desire it the most, isn’t that funny? As a reader all you can do is cheer for or hate the decisions these two characters to beat the In this world where there is barely any options or opportunity, at times love is your strength and your weakness. On Both characters journey to the American dream the same people that they have envisioned living the dream with are the same one’s who are holding them back, their loved ones. Ramon and Champ we not trying to prove society wrong, but also the people they loved. Champ feels like he can’t let his family down and he has to do everything in his power to assure that he doesn’t, but as I said for my family for all of us, I cant let this dream defer, wont let it fall apart. (Jackson 281). The same people who Champ is trying to take care of are the ones holding him back, his mother relapsed, his little brother is becoming a problem, and his girlfriend is on his case. Champ also gets robbed at a drug deal gone wrong and even by his so called â€Å"real estate agent†. Champ sees everything he has worked hard for crumbling before his very eyes and it’s all thanks to the family that he wants to save. Ramon on the other hand just wants that house because he believes it’s the gateway to a better life. The woman he is trying to bring into this better life is the same person who doesn’t believe in him, He rubs at his stubble. What if i find the place? You want me to make the decision myself? I dont think it will happen. (Diaz 32). With no one by their sides and their backs against the wall, you just start to feel for these characters. If their loved ones aren’t behind them, then who is? The sad thing about the American dream is not everyone will see it. Ramon hard work paid off, he was able to make his dreams come true, Look, he says holding up the paperwork. Look. He is almost pleading. Im truly happy for him. You did it mi amor. We did it, he says quietly. Now we can begin. Then he puts his head down on the table and cries(Diaz 38). This emotional scene in the book is heartwarming and touching, just to see a hardworking hispanic male have the ability to make his dreams into a reality in American is something that should be applauded. Sadly the same thing can’t be said for Champ. Champ’s hard work and huge heart wasn’t enough,â€Å"He digs into my jeans and lifts the sack into view, my work rocked up and wrapped in clear plastic. They toss up cuffed into their hard back seats and boom the door shut(Jackson 340). Despite everything he tried to do for his family, at the end the person who he was trying to save is the main reason he got arrested. Champ was part a business he didn’t belong in because he wanted the better life for his family, he selling drugs so that he could provide for his loved ones ,not keep the money. Champ may have been a criminal in some peoples eyes but would you label someone who just trying to provide a criminal? Sometimes you make it or you go down trying and sadly, the guy that everyone was counting on couldn’t come through. Through both Jackson’s and Diaz’s works they were able to show how difficult chasing the american dreams can be, and make the reader feel for the characters and what they’re going through; and also how hard times can get when trying to pursuit ones true happiest. After reading both stories the question that was left to be answered is, do the ends justify the means?

Musical Form And Structure

Musical Form And Structure What is the difference between music and noise? In a personal point of view, one important difference is that music makes sense. It has its own structure, basic patterns and it shows how composers made the pieces by their logic as well as their elaborate management. Therefore I would say, a piece without any structure and form can be only called noise instead of music. To research the structures and forms of a piece, we have to know what the structure is as well as what the form is, when I was studying in schools, I thought the structure is the different themes and how they were connected to each other; the form would be sonata form, ternary or something like minuet. After getting deeper into some Twentieth Century composers and their music, I realized it is not as simple as that. Firstly, the structure in music means the complex composition of musical knowledge or experiments as elements and their combinations. And the form in music means the shape and the figure throughout the whole work. I consider that in music, structure and form are both extremely important somehow we can analyze structure by a macro view and seek form by a micro view. Children who study in music schools learn some early period formal music structures and forms such as analyzing pieces by Bach and Beethoven We all knew about many basic forms in music since childhood. But in the modern world, music gets mystic and complicated. For some audiences, it is impossible to realize any structure in contemporary music such as John Cages piece: 433. They think the piece was just composed like a blank paper. Structure and form seems never existed in this music. I have to say, people whom consider contemporary music does not have structure or form just do not understand the music itself at all. Everything has a reason to be there, such as composers have their own notions of creating music. To prove this view, and to show the forms and structures in John Cages 433, I will analyze this piece below. 1. Introduction John Cage has made a huge experiment on this composition 433 to the world. Unfortunately the first performance of this piece was like a scandal. It was written in 1952, his so-called piece in silence. Performers basically go on to the stage and play nothing for exactly four minutes and thirty-three seconds. At the premiere some listeners did not even realize they had heard anything at all. Obviously audiences were angry and felt being deceived after the concert. The premiere was performed by the young pianist David Tudor at Woodstock, New York, on August 29, 1952.1 433 was written for any instrument or any instruments combination. NOTE: The title of this work is the total length in minutes and seconds of its performance. At Woodstock, N.Y., August 29, 1952, the title was 433 and the three parts were 33, 240, and 120. It was performed by David Tudor, pianist, who indicated the beginnings of parts by closing, the endings by opening, and the keyboard lid. However, the work may be performed by (any) instrumentalist or combination of instrumentalists and last any length of time.2 FOR IRWIN KREMEN JOHN CAGE _________________________ 1 J.Cage, Silence: Lectures and Writings (USA, 1961), 102. 2 J.Cage, A year from Monday: new lectures and writings (USA, 1985), 77. From the statement above, we can already see some basic structures in this piece: it is divided in three parts, and the lengths of them were 33, 240 and 120. (There are two ways of dividing this music, which I have mentioned below) 2. Materials John Cage has used a few materials, or elements to compose 433. Through this piece, Tacet (As the image of the score shows) is one of the materials. However, another material which people always ignore is the division of tacets. Image of John Cages writing of this piece Base on the score, Cage used division twice to make three tacets in the whole piece. And these two divisions and three tacets formed this composition logically, thus:  ¼Ã‹â€ I ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °TacetDivision ¼Ã‹â€ II ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °TacetDivision ¼Ã‹â€ III ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Tacet 3. Analyze Cage has clearly shown the tacet in this piece. But about the division, we can analyze it in different ways. If we think mathematically, use tacets and divisions to build a function: If division is independent variable x, the musical form is dependent variable y, then based on the function mode y=f(x), we can get this: Form = Tacets (Divisions) Now we calculate this mode, we get two different results: 1. Tacet-Division-Tacet-Division-Tacet If we make Division bigger and bigger, then it becomes the part of the piece, (as important as tacets), therefore we can get this musical form: A-B-A-B-A 2. Tacet-(Division)-Tacet-(Division)-Tacet If we make Division smaller and smaller, until it has but only has the ability of dividing Tacets, then we can get this musical form: A1-A2-A3 Those two forms we all have studied in early schools, so I am not going to talk about them further here. As we can see from this image statement, John Cage has given some freedom in this piece to the performers The performance in Woodstock gave the timings 33, 240, and 120, but the original print program says that the timings were 30, 223, and 140. Also as I mentioned above, this silent piece could be played by any single instrument or any combination of instruments. It is a freedom piece But that does not mean this piece has no form however it divides, we can still find the forms. People may ask, although the piece has a form such as A-B-A-B-A or A1-A2-A3, it still does not have a very convictive structure. How did John Cage make three movements out of this piece and how did he determine the length for each of them? These three parts seem unlikely balanced and managed. Well, in that case, Cage has pointed to this particular Tarot card formation when shown a number of possible configurations: This is one of the most complicated configurations and is organized in three parts of concentric horseshoes. Each horseshoe has represented one movement, with these cards which bearing a length that could have been plus to the duration of each movement. The point above seems to be able to answer a lot of questions about the structure of this silent piece. It illustrates how the movements were built up by those little silent cards, also how the composer can know when a movement finishes, why he made this piece into three parts. Somehow these questions seem to have a greater effect on what we hear. However, we can suppose that he used these cards for his composition and it shows the decision of three movements. When people asked about the differences in time lengths of the scores, Cage said that it could be of any length. This does not mean that the formal structure of this piece could be violated at all. He said that it would still be titled 433, also the durations of the movements mu st be determined by some type of chance procedure, and it must be in three movements. 3 This piece seems to be very difficult for performers after seen this Tarot Cards formation. Because it becomes so easy to make mistakes and miss the beats. But Cage said that this is not the point. The point is about the feeling it creates, both the performers and audiences are dispensable. What the piece needs is a devoted and interesting listener. However, those methods which Cage used for 433 have offered the audiences a huge freedom area. The point, the meaning of this piece has changed. Normally we try the best to do what composer says on the score, now we do what we feel and define our own potentials. The structure that Cage used was mathematical for composer as well as humanized for performers and listeners. Although this piece has no harmony and melody lines, it still has a strong meaning. The spirit of Cage, like what Alex Ross said about this piece in his book The music was the sound of the surrounding space. It was at once a head-spinning philosophical statement and a Zen- like ritual of contemplation 4 To conclude, structure in music is the sense which composer has given; form in music is the shape and the propriety which composer wants to represent. In the premiere of 433, audiences were angry and negative, but after understood the inner sense and getting deeper into the purpose of Composer, people loved it. When you could not find the structure or the form in any particular piece, it does not mean that they were not existed. As I have said, everything has a reason to be there, such as composers have their own notions of creating music. The real music only appears after researching and understanding. ______________________________ 3 J.Cage, Silence: Lectures and Writings (USA, 1961), 109 4 R.Alex, The Rest is Noise, listening to the Twentieth Century (USA, 2007), 401 Selected bibliography: Books: -J.Cage, Silence: Lectures and Writings (1961, USA) -R.Alex, The Rest is Noise, listening to the Twentieth Century (2007, USA), 401 -P.Yates, Twentieth Century Music (1967, London) -J.Cage, A year from Monday: new lectures and writings (1985, USA), 77. -P.Marjorie, J.Charles, John Cage: composed in America (1994, USA), 193 Articles: -L.Eleni, Learning from Masters of Music Creativity: Shaping Compositional Experiences in Music Education, Philosophy of Music Education Review, 15.2 (2007), 93-117 -C.Hong, John Cage with his silence piece, Zhong Hua Music Review, 17.2 (2003), 78-92 Websites -S.David, Unreconstructed Modernist, the Atlantic online (Accessed September 1995), http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/95sep/boulez.htm

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay -- Christmas Carol Charles

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Charles Dickens wrote his novels during the Victorian times. Britain was a harsh place at this time with the upper and lower classes being clearly separated. Dickens himself grew up as part of the lower classes, and so he knew what it was like. It was very hard for the poor to survive, many of them having no alternative but to go into the workhouses. This seemed to be the worst place to end up, as many people would rather have died than gone into the workhouses. When people went to the workhouses, they were separated from their families, forced to work long hours and hardly fed at all. The workhouse system was the upper classes solution to poverty, but it did not help at all. The lower classes were still living very hard lives. Dickens published 'A Christmas Carol' in 1843 to try to bring the lower classes hard lives to the attention of people who could do something about it; the upper classes. He decided to write a novel because he felt that more people would take an interest in a book rather than leaflet, because the attitude towards helping the poor was not good. In the novel, the main character, Scrooge, is used to personify the upper classes. The three ghosts are used to show that the poor are not all 'idle' and that some are genuinely in need. Before the ghosts came, Scrooge was 'hard and sharp as flint' and solitary as an oyster'. There is a lot of descriptive language used about Scrooge (in the 6th - 8th paragraphs) by Dickens, which gives the impression that Scrooge was bitter, cold and lonely. He believed that if people were poor, it was not his 'business' and he just wanted 'to be left alone'. He refused to give money to the poor at Christmas and sai... ...f they do not change their ways, then the poor people who still have some dignity, who were shown by the 'Ghost of Christmas Present', will also eventually become so desperate, that the seedy, dirty London that is shown by the 'Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come' is what the whole city will end up like. Dickens presents the lower classes realistically; he does not try to make out that all poor people are kind hearted. He tries to make the upper classes realise that the situation of the poor can only get better if they do something to help. He also tries to make the reader feel concerned about Tiny Tim and show the upper classes that they can help; when Tiny Tim is mentioned, it is almost like a personal appeal to the reader to help someone in need. Dickens presents the lower classes effectively and this is probably why the book is still very popular today.

Timothy Leary as a Hero Essay -- essays research papers fc

The term â€Å"hero† brings to mind many ideas, many events, and many people. However, one face it generally fails to conjure is that of Timothy Leary. Dr. Leary managed to create a level of infamy few Americans have achieved since this country’s inception; he is the poster-child of the mind-altering hallucinogen LSD and has been labeled by many as the subversive leader of the counter-culture movement of the sixties. Not many people appreciate this great man’s long string of accomplishments, his devotion to scientific progress, or his cheery, irrepressible personality. It is a small circle of people indeed who would label this man a hero, but the truth is that Dr. Leary embodied the principles of courage, discovery, and benevolence, which none can deny are heroic trademarks. No man has shown more courage in the face of adversity than Timothy Leary. One great example of his valor comes from his early years as a cadet at West Point during the 1940’s. After indulging in a quantity of alcohol with some upperclassmen after a football game one evening, Leary found himself before the Cadet Honor Committee of West Point awaiting punishment. The committee decreed that he must avoid social contact of any kind, despite the fact that during his court-martial the charges brought upon him were hastily dropped. For nine months he survived this involuntary solitude, until finally the school asked him to resign because of â€Å"moral problems† that his punishment was causing. Leary agreed on the condition that his innocence would be announced in the mess hall. Two days later, he left West Point. Long afterward, after earning a doctorate in psychology and serving several professorships at prestigious institutions as Berkley and Harvard, Dr. Timothy Leary dev eloped an interest in what he would later become famous for: psychedelics. Originally his studies were sponsored by Harvard, but after drug abuse became a major target of the mass media and politicians, a national frenzy took place and LSD became a Schedule One controlled substance. Leary, intrigued by the success of previous experimentation with the chemical and undeterred by lack of mainstream support, continued his studies privately. This eventually led to conflict between him and the DEA, the Narcotics Bureau, and the CIA. As Nixon fueled propaganda against â€Å"acid† and the counter-culture movement, Timothy Leary championed LSD ... ...n to certain concepts has never wavered. I have relentlessly and faithfully pursued self-exploration, evolution, and innovation as the antidotes to terminal adulthood." No document has recorded an instance of Timothy Leary running into a burning building to save a baby. He never fought a war for his country, discovered a cure for cancer, or negotiated a treaty between two countries. But he was a hero his own right. Dr. Leary led a resistance to the tyrrany of Richard Nixon, Spiro Agnew, G. Gordon Liddy, and J. Edgar Hoover during a time when America was torn with inner conflict. His career was devoted to helping people mentally, whether they were psychiatrically ill or just in need of psychedelic inspiration. And he stood as a beacon representative of hope, freedom, and peace. Timothy Leary may not fit the conventional definition of â€Å"hero† as found in Webster’s, but to many of his and future eras, he was everything for which that four-letter word stands. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Jones, Bonsey. The Biography Project: Timothy Leary. The Biography Project. 8 Sept. 04 . Leary, Timothy; Quick Biography. Leary.com. 8 Sept. 04 . Timothy Leary Biography. American Buddha.com. 8 Sept. 04 .

Explain how Golding establishes the main themes of The Spire through his portrayal of Jocelin in the first five chapters of The Spire

The bent and twisted hunchback Jocelin is the cornerstone for interpreting and bringing forth the multitude of interesting themes within the novel. Through Golding's experience of World War II, he established many scathing criticisms of humanity in his literature. In The Spire this is represented by the character of Jocelin, a Dean of a nameless cathedral obsessed with the vision of erecting a four-hundred foot spire. Jocelin is the penultimate antihero, the introduction of the story tells us how â€Å"He was laughing chin up, and shaking his head. God the father was exploding in his face. † It defies the expectations of what context a Dean would place God into, especially in humour, so very early on into this novel are these very slight and gentle implications of corruption, this is also exacerbated when the slight phallic pun of â€Å"Eighteen inches† is joked by Golding, and we get a sense of†¦ â€Å"expecting the reverse† in the chapters to come. Jocelin later lustfully examines Goody Pangall, what is interesting to note is to note is how Jocelin refers to her while looking at her, he mentions her only as â€Å"Pangall's wife† which is incredibly reminiscent of Steinbeck's Of Mice And Men where the female of the story is only referred to as â€Å"Curley's wife† and her actual name is not specified, names are quite symbolic in terms of how much value the other characters revere her, and over here in The Spire, Jocelin only seems to associate her as a nameless object, devoid of human definition. When you take away the name of the character, you disassociate that character from the main frame of other characters who actually do have names, and Jocelin plays up further on this, â€Å"She is entirely woman, he thought, loving her;† shows also his frame of mind early on, his definition of the characters is placed onto a spectrum, with women this is shown as either â€Å"Girl† or â€Å"Entirely woman†, this then can be taken further to show how Jocelin categorises people around him according to how much pleasure and pain they cause him. The presentation of Jocelin up to this point is a sexually repressed Dean, and we have the theme of obsession rising for the first time, however expressed in a Freudian shell that Jocelin's initial sexual innuendos of The Spire is in reality, behaviour stemming from his sexual repression of Goody Pangall. This is just one of many forms of Jocelin's twisted obsession, and that his obsessive thoughts is expressed in many facets of his metaphoric ideology and associations of events and people in the cathedral Golding portrays this shapeshifting obsessive compulsive behaviour in the actual narrative of the story as well, there is a constant shift of narrative within the novel, between Third person and First person, â€Å"Then he dared to think again, in the warmth at his back†¦.. It is my guardian angel,† the narrative is unstable, much rather like the mindset of Jocelin himself, and also implies that Jocelin may interpret and view himself in Third person while in his mind, since the form of the narrative is shapeshifting from several perspectives to another, and also occasional parenthesis â€Å"and two men posed so centrally in the sundust with their crows (and what a quarry noise and echo as they lever up the slab and let it back),† to indicate more First person narrative but in a more personal and reflective manner, and its through this First person narrative that we can note the use of archaic language, † I do Thy work; and Thou hast sent Thy messenger to comfort me,† this shows us the biblical self highlighting of Jocelin to make himself seem more important than he really is. Almost, justifying his work of the spire by expelling all qualms. Another frequent theme that Golding has presented in The Spire is immaturity and the role of childhood in the motivations of character. â€Å"to think how the mind touches all things with law, yet decieves itself as easily as a child,† Childhood here represents stupidity, and its from the immaturity of our actions that cause us to do stupid things, Jocelin touches upon this when examining Goody Pangall, â€Å"She is entirely woman, he thought, loving her; and this is foolish, this childish curiosity shows it. † surprisingly this is the rare times where we see Jocelin refuting himself rather than justifying himself. Its also worth noting that this is not the first time that Golding has used children to carry his critique of humanity, in Lord of the Flies we are shown the adult behaviour's and faults reflected in children, Golding uses this as a metonym to describe that the entire faults of human behaviour are the attempts to recreate childhood and to be free from responsibility, that we give birth to the belief that anything is possible and everything is allowed. When the ground underneath the â€Å"Pit† starts moving, and later on in the book when the stone of the tower starts â€Å"singing†, Jocelin has brought the cathedral to such a position by allowing and justifying every absurd suggestion. Its this very childish frame of thought which sets his imagination loose and Jocelin believes he is comforted by â€Å"an angel sent from God† yet ironically this is only the burning sensation of his spine by tuberculosis, this is an important metaphor, since it conveys the theme of the corrupting tendency of arrogance, that Jocelin's own arrogance is the cause for his own physical deformation is a very powerful axiom that Golding relays, since Golding's seeming objectives behind his work are to tell the story of humanities own arrogance by glorifying the evil of his characters in his literature, incredibly similar to John Milton's Poem Paradise Lost where the evil of Satan is intensified by his devious and intelligent planning, is similarly reflected in Jocelin, where his evil is intensified by his metaphoric interpretations of events and arrogance, ironically arrogance was the sin of Satan himself, even more so that Jocelin is supposedly a religious Dean of a cathedral. The main characteristics of Jocelin so far are, a hungry curiosity for women and sex, Self glorification, Childish immaturity, farfetched imagination which creates a metaphorical perception, and arrogance. These are essentially ramifications of one main theme so far, the notion of Escapism. Through these acts and mindframes Jocelin creates an alternate world to ignore the current reality, the idea of escaping or rather creating, in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Victor creates the creature as a trophy almost to credit his own scientific intellectualism, and Jocelin's view of his seperate reality is still incomplete, and he feels he needs to create The Spire to serve as a metaphor for his seeming â€Å"closeness† to God, â€Å"I am about my father's business,† it almost seems that some part of Jocelin's twisted psyche is not fully dedicated to his dream, and this is perhaps the flaw in Escapism that Golding tries to present, more implied that if Jocelin represents the extreme borderline of human naivety, how can the rest of humanity practice Escapism when it clearly does not work for the rather vacuous Jocelin? In Jocelin's insensitivity to the truth, we find his sensitivity for lies. In the bigger picture we find Jocelin's hunger for power â€Å"I never guessed in my folly that there would be a new lesson and every level, and a new power† and that building a path or a tower to God, will imbue you with the power of God, and with his treatment of other characters, for instance Roger Mason, he tries to invite Roger Mason further into the messianic visions of the spire, â€Å"God revealed it to me, his unprofitable servant. † claiming these own visions as his own, and more relatively, attempting the to grasp the power of God in his own spindly hands. That is not the holiest prophecy; that is the most devious heresy. Its through Jocelin's arrogance does the issue or theme of pride arise, Its when we place ourselves above other people and see ourselves as higher, that we try to recreate our image into some sort of powerful deity or demigod which cannot be dominated, which Golding has shown to have a very ironic sense of humour by using Jocelin to represent religion; the very thing expected to fight pride, becomes the very thing to personify it. Perhaps its inevitable to become the thing you pretend to be. The ultimate Theme of this book is humanity, Golding's written account of the faults in humanity is found clearly in The Spire through Jocelin, its only through relating to Jocelin, and placing ourselves within his persona, can we really understand him deeply The biggest point however, is that when you explain behaviour and people by relating it to yourself, you can no longer hate them or fear them, you will always respect them neutrally, because you can always find the same desires in your own h eart.

The Sherwin-Williams Co.

The Sherwin-Williams Company Sherwin Williams is the largest manufacturer of paint products in the U. S. It is the most famous painting company in the United States. The Company owns more than 34 factories and 3,200 of their own branded stores, that is why it is considered the largest chain stores in the world of colors. The American company Sherwin-Williams was founded in 1866. Since its establishment, the company made a bid for new technology and innovation. 11 years after its founding in 1877, Sherwin-Williams Company has produced a revolution in the coatings industry, it has patented the manufacture of paint in an airtight jar. Since then the company is a leader in the development of new high-quality coatings based on the latest technologies and unique designs (Sherwin-Williams, 2011). Today, the Company Sherwin-Williams is the largest manufacturer of paint products in the U. S. , it is the most famous brand of paint in America, it is a transnational corporation with a turnover of 8. 02 billion dollars in 2007. Sherwin Williams Paints, known as ones of the highest quality, and therefore they are used for painting historic buildings and landmark buildings. The superiority of Sherwin Williams, among other companies is leadership of its paints in the global market thanks to new technologies, environmental production and exclusive content. Sherwin Williams Company’s products meet the highest standards, and especially the line with the brand GreenSure (Hoffman et al. 2010). There are the main features of paints of the company Sherwin Williams. Firstly, paints of this company are not sprayed. Secondly, when applying them to the surface they create smooth surface in the drying process. This is especially evident in comparison with the PVA-based paint or acrylic paint. Thirdly, paints of the company Sherwin Williams are aesthetic and efficient to use. Many of the Sherwin Williams paints can cover the surface with a single fold. This is due to different kinds of primers for different surfaces. The density of the substrate depends on both the paint and the shade. Therefore, Sherwin Williams paints save costs. Sherwin-Williams has and manages more than 2,000 retail trade in its possession. 50% of all its products come from enterprises, the shares of which belong to the corporation. In order to assess the company’s risk it is important to understand that risk is the possibility of adverse situations during the implementation of plans and use of the company’s budget (Doole & Lowe, 2008). The financial risk is the risk of adverse financial consequences in the form of loss of income and capital under uncertainty conditions of its financial activities. Commercial risk, in turn, is the non-realization of purchased goods, failure to price changes, loss of goods, the excess costs of treatment (Allen, 2010). At the present stage one of the main types of financial risks of the enterprise include (Adam, 2008): †¢ Risk reduction of financial stability. This risk is generated by imperfections in the capital structure, generating an imbalance of positive and negative cash flows of the company by volume. As part of the financial risks of the hazard (generated by the threat of bankruptcy), this risk has played a leading role. †¢ The risk of insolvency of the company. This risk reduction is generated by the liquidity of current assets, generating an imbalance of positive and negative cash flows of the company over time. In terms of financial impact this risk is also one of the most dangerous. †¢ Investment risk. It characterizes the possibility of financial losses in the investment activities of the enterprise. †¢ Inflation risk. In an inflationary economy, it stands out as a separate type of financial risks. This type of risk is characterized by the possibility of depreciation of the real cost of capital (in the form of financial assets of the enterprise) as well as the expected income from financial transactions in an inflationary environment. This type of risk under current conditions is permanent and is accompanied by virtually all financial enterprises. Interest rate risk. It is an unexpected change in interest rates in financial markets (both deposit and lending). The cause of this type of financial risk is the change in financial market conditions under the impact of government regulation, growth or decline offers of free cash resources and other factors. Negative financial conseque nces of this type of risk can be observed in the emission of the company in its dividend policy, in short-term investments and other financial transactions. †¢ The credit risk. It takes place in the financial activities of the enterprise in the provision of commodity or consumer loan customers. Its forms is a risk of nonpayment or late payment for a loan now tempered finished products, as well as the excess of the estimated budget for debt collection. †¢ Tax risk. This kind of financial risk has several implications: the likelihood of introducing new types of taxes and duties to carry out certain aspects of economic activity, the ability to increase the rates of existing taxes and fees; change the terms and conditions of certain tax payments, the probability abolish existing tax breaks in the field of business enterprise. It has a significant impact on financial performance. †¢ Structural risk. This type of risk is generated by inefficient financing the current costs of the enterprise that contributes to the high proportion of fixed costs in their total amount. High operating leverage ratio under adverse conditions of the commodity market developments and lower gross positive cash flow from operating activities generated a significantly higher rate of decline in the amount of net cash flow for this activity (Sandhusen, 2000; Lasher, 2010). Sherwin-Williams uses long-term debts that directly impact its bonds rating. This estimation has a significant role for the company’s development since it reflects the position of the company in the market. Moreover, the company has the obligations towards clients and investors and that is why it has to pay attention to the assessed rating of its obligations (McDonald & Mouncey, 2011). Works Cited Adam, Alexandre. Handbook of asset and liability management: from models to optimal return strategies. John Wiley and Sons, 2008. Allen, Judy. Marketing Your Event Planning Business: A Creative Approach to Gaining the Competitive Edge. John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Doole, Isobel & Lowe, Robin. International marketing strategy: analysis, development and implementation. Cengage Learning EMEA, 5th ed. , 2008. Hoffman, Andrew et al. Sherwin Williams: Splashing Into the Low VOC Paint Market. William Davidson Institute At The University of Michigan, The, 2010. Lasher, William. Practical Financial Management. Cengage Learning, 6th ed. , 2010. McDonald, Malcolm & Mouncey, Peter. Marketing Accountability: A New Metrics Model to Measure Marketing Effectiveness. Kogan Page Publishers, 2011. Ogden, James & Rarick, Scott. The Entrepreneur's Guide to Advertising. ABC-CLIO, 2009. Sandhusen, Richard. Marketing. Barron's Educational Series, 3rd ed. , 2000. Sherwin-Williams. History of Sherwin-Williams. 2011. Web Nov. 25, 2011. Standard & Poor's. The Standard & Poor's 500 Guide. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. US Fire Administration. Sherwin-Williams Paint Warehouse Fire; Dayton, Ohio. FEMA.