John F. Kennedy – the Space Exploration

James Moyer Mr. Sims U. S History Period 3 16 May 2012 John F. Kennedy †The Space Exploration I. Presentation A. Foundation Information All respect and regard exists in John F. Kennedy; his celebrated discourse â€Å"We decide to go to the Moon†, was the motivation behind why Space Exploration arrived at its top on July 21st in the year 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the solitary individuals, the sole Americans to step on the moon.It took eight-years, a month, and two days to finish what President Kennedy imagined for our nation, our kin. Without his activities, his popular words, his genuine, prosperous talks, we may have not practiced the outlandish, which we battle to accomplish, and drag out for it to happen once more; to go to the moon. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was conceived on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the subsequent resulting from nine kin into a multi-mogul family whose father is Joseph P.Kennedy. He was an extremely instructed ma n not just this; he was a war legend during World War II. At the point when he would come back to human advancement, he would go into the papers business, and be a fruitful essayist; he would decide to be politically dynamic simply like his dad and Mr. Kennedy would later turn into a possibility for the House of Representatives. From here on was the start and inheritance of the well known John F. Kennedy. 1. The Dream How did one man make such a major difference?Look at the Presidents before Kennedy, the principal President, George Washington, it was a result of his activities and outlook that we out witted the British and turned into the autonomous nation; President Lincoln who carried servitude to end, who brought the Confederacy and the States together; President Teddy Roosevelt who started the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act, which would demonstrate advantageous to the economy and its kin. Presently there are an ew other fine Presidents, for example, these rec orded not many, yet Kennedy is the solitary President to arrive at the inconceivable, to do the incomprehensible, to try and consider the outlandish, have America stroll on the moon. All because of his will to reach a long ways past the sky and enter space itself to go over and stroll upon the moon. B. Why it Matters NASA, (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is liable for the Space Program and Kennedy was the one answerable for Space Exploration. Apollo 11 was the kept an eye on spaceship which arrived on the moon, to accomplish what Mr.Kennedy needed to see and experience himself; to see his fantasies work out as expected. Lamentably his inopportune demise singled-handedly stunned the individuals; his death would start the will for Space Exploration to achieve his fantasy about arriving on the moon. II. Body Paragraphs a. How It All Began John Fitzgerald Kennedy, conceived May 29, 1917, at 83 Beals Street in the white collar class suburb of Brookline, Massachusetts, was the second of nine youngsters (Baughman et. Al). The Kennedy pack wound up moving to Bronxville, only outside of New York City.They would live here for Kennedy’s tutoring during the time until 1941 where they would destroy and scan for another home. Kennedy had a mystery ailment which was perilous: interminable stomach issue, back issues, visit and extreme hypersensitive responses, and the undiscovered, until 1947, impacts of Addison's malady. â€Å"Addison’s malady is a disappointment of the adrenal organs, which sapped his vitality, debilitated his invulnerable framework, and left him helpless against contaminations and perilously high fevers† (Baughman et. Al). Kennedy’s father wouldn’t let his wellbeing influence the exposure so he concealed it with Kennedy’s â€Å"war wounds. 1. His Career In 1941, rather than proceeding with his works, John F. Kennedy followed his sibling Joseph Jr. into fight close by the U. S Navy during World War II. Kennedy was doled out to obligations of Naval Intelligence in Washington. On August second, 1943, the PT-109, a pontoon under his order, was slammed and suck by a Japanese destroyer, Amagiri. In spite of the fact that his seamanship and orders were sketchy at that point, he was as yet a fearless man; he demonstrated this by sparing his harmed team or having the option to continue them behind foe lines to sit tight for rescue.Awarded a couple of awards, for example, the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and the Purple Heart, likewise being viewed as a saint according to New York Times, he would later be released for clinical thinking and discarded into legislative issues directly by his dad, because of his oldest children demise, Joseph Jr. presently having the option to satisfy his father’s dream; to turn into the primary Irish-Catholic President of the United States. 2. Political Life In 1946 John Kennedy won political race to the U. S. Congress from Massachusetts' eleventh Di strict, speaking to parts of Boston and Cambridge.His father spent excessive wholes on the crusade and included the whole Kennedy family with the exception of his sister Rosemary who was ‘retarded’. In 1952, at his dad's asking, Kennedy tested Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. for the U. S. Senate from Massachusetts. Most spectators gave Kennedy minimal possibility. The 1952 crusade highlighted refined, frequently one of a kind techniques for arriving at the voters. Among the first to utilize TV for publicizing and raising support, Kennedy took on a unique CBS-TV course to elevate on the best way to utilize TV effectively.His normally ready and over the top way fitted the new scene restrictively. â€Å"Highlighting the battle were the appearances of the applicant's mom and sisters at several greeting just get-togethers where the Kennedy ladies served tea and enchanted an expected 70,000 ladies voters. A record turnout gave Kennedy a thin 76,000 vote edge over Lodge† (Baughma n et. Al). Kennedy pulled in huge help from Boston, Irish-Catholics, Jews, trade guild individuals, and a few Republicans who thought Kennedy was more moderate than Lodge. 3. JFK, How he Became President Mr.Kennedy gave a valiant effort to become and convince individuals for him to become Vice-President, as that demonstrated without much of any result, he went towards a more straightforward methodology, turning out to be President himself. So as to get votes and win the selection of running for his gathering, he needed to convince some determined donkeys that Catholics can win casts a ballot also. In doing as such, he set off a crusade which would be an extremely unpleasant one for him undoubtedly, for he was coordinated against Nixon. Without his broadcast communicate of him against Nixon, he would have most likely lost the appointment of turning out to be President for the argins between the two men were marginally separated. b. Presenting John F. Kennedy with the Space Program Th e Space Program would be presented in 1946, not as NASA yet its progenitor NACA. While they have been setting themselves up for space, they built with planes and streamlined features. At the point when Sputnik 1 was propelled by the U. S. S. R a strike of dread and absence of information ate up the United States particularly the administration. So as to fight back, they gave their investigations and upgraded science and math subjects so as to make up for themselves from this feat.On July 28, 1958, President Eisenhower marked the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which built up NASA from that point. NASA didn't just develop from its predecessor, yet it consumed everything from it. NASA dominated and began its own missions on October first of that year. At the point when President Kennedy beat Eisenhower’s well known Nixon, he gave a valiant effort to demonstrate he was deserving of being U. S. A’s President. He worked with residential and remote issues before heading into the Space Race. He knew the individuals of the United States expected to have a similar certainty they once had before Sputnik 1 was launched.In request for this to happen, he went to Houston, Texas on September 12, 1962 to address the country, that the Space Race must proceed yet needs the assistance of the legislature to help pay for the program (Logsdon). Before reporting this, on February 20, 1962 John Glenn was the main man to be propelled and circle around the Earth’s climate. This is the thing that started the desire for the Space Exploration to proceed. With President Kennedy’s intensity of words and the expectation NASA has imparted into the people’s hearts, it appeared anything was possible.Even through Kennedy’s death, the Space Program proceeded with its attempts to achieve Kennedy’s fantasy about arriving on the moon. 4. Kennedy’s Assassination and the Moon It was 12:30 Friday evening, on November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Texas when four discharges were heard over the globe. Kennedy was lethally shot and kicked the bucket that day, he was killed and in spite of the fact that it might have said Lee Harvey Oswald was liable for Kennedy’s passing, it is as yet an intrigue on whether he did it and on the off chance that he did if there were others involved.This case is as yet a disentangled secret which hasn’t been tackled from that point forward. Kennedy’s passing stunned the globe yet that didn’t prevent NASA from arriving at the moon. His passing may have been extremely forlorn, yet NASA was given into completing this last venture Kennedy sent them out to do and that was to arrive at the moon. A few years after the fact on July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 space explorers Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin achieved the astonishing accomplishment of being the solitary men to arrive on the moon. III. ConclusionJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was a noteworthy man equipped fo r arriving at the incomprehensible. Perhaps the most youthful president ever, and had the brain of the savvies. Without his initiative and commitment of achieving the race to the moon, we wouldn’t have had a similar flash of expectation as we do today. His activities have driven us to another age, one that will perpetually be recalled. In spite of the fact that the Space Race has driven us far, we haven’t had the opportunity and cash to return to the Moon. Mr. Kennedy is the expectation all things considered. He is the moon and will perpetually be strolling on it, while he hangs tight for our return.Work

Discipline In A Workplace How to Maintain it - Click to Get Solution

Question: Depict about reasonable disciplinary procedure, mplementation of the disciplinary procedures and Case law that have recognized fitting practice standards. Answer: Presentation Control in a working environment can be characterized by the manner by which the administrative staff or the administration of the association takes measures to address the social inadequacies among the representatives of the association. The Virgin Atlantic Group is a gathering of aircrafts possessed by Sir Richard Branson and the Singapore Airlines and it is situated in London. The central station of the aircraft is arranged in Crawley and West Sussex of England. This aircraft association provides food the administration of taking their clients to and from 30 goals which is very immense. Reasonable disciplinary procedure As indicated by ACSAS the handbook of order at work ought to incorporate the disciplinary methodology model. It recommend that the techniques ought to absolutely and unmistakably satiates its primary purposes, for example, not to utilize any unapproved gadget in the framework that may degenerate the framework or breaking of rules and arrangements (Gov.uk, 2016). The standards and rules behind strategies ought to be plainly expressed and as indicated by that works should be followed. The disciplinary system propose four phases that are oral admonition to the worker, composed admonition to the representative, last composed admonition to the worker and faintly excusal of the representative. The method ought to plainly clarify the accompanying: At any stage and whenever one can advance contingent upon the nature and sort of unfortunate behavior Excusal would be applied for the primary wrongdoing except if it is the gross error (Katcher and Snyder, 2007). The worker might be suspended on the off chance that it is gross unfortunate behavior on full compensation after the examination The representative reserve the privileges to request against the activity taken on him at each stage and jump they make the intrigue The association should set execution guidelines and lead fortified by the organization rules. The disciplinary techniques are utilized to take care of the issues with the representatives execution or direct and ought to have separate rules or systems to manage the circumstance (Lim, 2014). The handbook of disciplinary procedure additionally states how to deal with complaints and control at work. The rules that are remembered for the methods are as per the following: Systems and rules ought to give a structure to execution and conduct Complaints and control are about the individuals and not forms The point of the business is to improve and not to rebuff The procedure likewise expresses that lead and ability ought to be dealt with independently and the business ought to perceive the contrasts between them. There is a distinction between notice a representative for his error and for his capacity (Blanpain et al., 2009). The excusal of a worker based on his ability incorporates the accompanying reasons: Misfortune or absence of required capability for the activity Absence of aptitude or capacity Absence of abilities in light of the evil wellbeing Excusal as a result of wrongdoing or penetrate of the strategies may include: Poor participation Poor timekeeping The instances of gross wrongdoing are as per the following: Robbery Battling, threatening conduct utilization of tobacco and liquor on the job Usage of the disciplinary procedures It very well may be conceivable that the disciplinary procedures may disturb individuals or even furious. In the event that the representatives become bothered or disturbed, at that point permit at that point to recover and abilities before proceeding with their employments. There can be not kidding issues if the workers become too pressure due to the severe rules. The representatives plan to settle the greater part of the issues casually with their administrators, this lead to the improvement of numerous issues at the work place (Cushway and Hallsworth, 2012). Consequently, it is significant for the administration to set the standards and rules according to the accommodation of the workers inside the association. The instances of lackluster showing or offense ought to be guided with fitting disciplinary systems. Along these lines, it will help an association by improving a representatives execution or direct. There can clashes between the business and workers and these can comprehen d by advancing and creating rules, methodology and structure for taking care of complaints and disciplinary circumstances (Employee relations, 2007). The methodology ought to be unmistakably clarified in composed and ought to be explicit. It is additionally significant for the workers to comprehend the standards, systems and rules. The contentions can be dealt with if the guidelines are clear and setting standard of direct. Case law that have recognized fitting practice standards The disciplinary technique ought to incorporate the components that will assist with managing the disciplinary and complaints issues. The administration of Patak a well eminent organization in UK having wide scope of items including Indian pickles, sauces, curry pastas and chutney. The administration of the organization run an open entryway strategy and furthermore centers around tending to and understanding workers concerns (Silva, 2010). The organization has standard gatherings for the workers through which they speak with the administrators. Complaints and order is the territory where the administration felt that it would profit them through suitable preparing. The human asset supervisor in 2003 chose to address the issues and took help from Acas. The fundamental point giving preparing is to guarantee that all the troughs are predictable in embracing and executing best practices by guiding them through suitable disciplinary methodology (Stewart, 2010). As indicated by the past rep orts, supervisors were not taught and dubious with their jobs and targets. Additionally, they were likewise not satisfactory with their job and HR job in dealing with the circumstances. Accordingly, trainings engage the administrators with vital aptitudes and data. The counselors of Acas likewise concurred with the preparation program that depended on existing systems and arrangement on complaints and order. The preparation program incorporates: Controlling towards positive way through setting desires and guidelines inside the association Right systems to deal with complaints and order circumstances Designating the work and practicing their forces suitably that allowed to them to place into great practice Rules on taking care of troublesome or clumsy circumstances and how to maintain a strategic distance from character conflicts and clashes. This helped chiefs to feel sure and positive about their capacities and dealing with complaints and order circumstances. One of the most significant approaches of the Virgin Atlantic is that of all out quality administration which targets priding the client with the best nature of administration which will guarantee that the organization accomplishes consumer loyalty at every single level. So as to effectively keep up Total Quality Management, the administration needs to mull over the various parts of the professional that of financial matters, plan, client support creation, assembling, advertising and the principle goals of the association (Balmforth, 2009). The fundamental point of the association is to benefit in its business by giving the best nature of administrations to its clients. This is the motivation behind why the association guarantees that it is refreshed with the most recent patterns in the administrations offered by them and furthermore takes customary inputs from the clients so as to comprehend the spaces where they can improve. Alongside fulfilling the clients, the administration give s equivalent significance to giving occupation fulfillment to its workers (Dickinson, 2009). Thusly one of the most significant arrangements of the association is to care for its representatives and comprehend the issues or issues they are confronting so the representatives can be given the best workplace (Virgin Atlantic supervisors check in for preparing, 2008). The representatives hold the picture of the association in from of the devoted just as potential clients and hence keeping the workers fulfilled adds to improve the brand picture of the association. So as to keep up such an immense association, it is fundamental for the administration to consolidate a few guidelines and guidelines which should be trailed by the representatives just as the administration itself (Marquis and Huston, 2006). There are severe guidelines against sex segregation and lewd behavior. The administration would not endure an individual hurting some other individual under any conditions and the individu al may even deal with lawful indictments. Every single worker is given a detailed portrayal of the activity that they are appointed so that there is no room of miscommunication or misconception (Virgin Atlantic sets pattern for Stortext's specialized records arrangement, 2005). This guarantees a worker doesn't leave limits and follows the specific requests given by the chief. This guides in keeping up coordination during collaboration and thus everything completes in a productive way. On the off chance that a worker despite everything neglects to keep up the principles of playing out the activity, an admonition is given to that individual to make the person in question mindful about the manner by which they are getting things done in an off-base way. This causes the representative to completely comprehend the missteps that is being made by the person in question and consequently they can alter them in the most ideal manner conceivable. Through the fuse of the disciplinary activities , the administration can keep up an appropriate control and are in this way ready to furnish their clients with the best administrations. The essential teaches that should be followed in this association are as per the following: Keeping up balance in judgment Equivalent open doors should be given to every single individual from the association No separation should be possible based on ones sex, race, religion, shading and so forth. Popularity based authority style is to be followed where the assessment and criticism of every part is similarly regarded Keeping up nature of administration and never settling on it (Virgin Atla

Digital Media as a Means For Social Change COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Digital Media as a Means For Social Change COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There are always events going on at SIPA each week featuring interesting speakers from all different fields.   A recent example focused on professionals representing digital media channels you are likely familiar with.   The following article was contributed by SIPA student Timothy Shenk. _____________________ Two leaders in the evolving digital media landscape spoke with SIPA students about promoting social and political advocacy through online videos and other channels. Steve Grove, head of news and politics at YouTube, and Noopur Agarwal, director of public affairs at MTV, discussed their organizations’ work in separate presentations. Grove described the ways news and political videos have proliferated on YouTube in recent years, as everyone from federal bureaucrats to amateur pundits use the medium to speak directly to millions of viewers. In an innovative approach to journalism, YouTube has conducted virtual town hall meetings by soliciting questions from the public and submitting them directly to leaders such as President Obama, Grove said. However, unlike the traditional news media, YouTube is unable to vet its content for accuracy or decency before it is posted online. Pornographic, copyrighted or hateful material must be flagged by users or identified by a computer algorithm, then reviewed by a YouTube employee, before it can be taken down, Grove said. Agarwal described MTVs approach to social advocacy. Beginning with the Live Aid concerts in 1985, MTV has used its pop culture brand to advocate for issues of concern to young people. In 2004, MTV launched a campaign on its college network, mtvU, to press for an end to the genocide in Darfur. MTV carries out its campaigns in partnership with public policy organizations. For example, MTV promotes testing for sexually transmitted diseases in partnership with a public health research and advocacy organization, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. MTV also partners with the social networking service Foursquare to encourage people to post an online badge showing that they have been tested. Surprisingly, it has become one of the most popular Foursquare badges, Agarwal said. Most recently, MTV launched “A Thin Line,” a campaign to raise awareness about digital abuse. MTV runs advocacy videos on its main cable channel and promotes a website where young people share real stories of online bullying. “This is the first generation thats grown up this way and has relationships play out online,”Agarwal said. “Its part of being a young person from now on.”

Essay on The Wife of Bath Feminism in Chaucers Work

Women in the medieval times were cast into very distinct roles. There was a strict code of conduct that was followed. They were to be submissive to their husbands and follow their lead. A womans place was also in the home and the responsibilities of cooking, cleaning, sewing, etc. fell into their domain. Women who deviated from these cultural-set norms made for interesting characters. Chaucers use of women and their overstepping their boundaries and typical roles in society make them most memorable. Most of the gender expectations stemmed from the Church and biblical history. There were many anti-feminist feelings due to Eve causing the fall of Man. Women were perceived to be responsible for most of the suffering to man, and†¦show more content†¦Who peyntede the leon, tel me who? By God, if women hadde written stories, As clerkes han withinne hire oratories, They wolde han written of men more wikkednesse Than al the mark of Adam may redresse. (668-702) The Wife is referring to one of Aesops fables about who was superior in the relationship. It was argued with a reference to a picture of man having authority over the lion, and then the lion responds with an obvious truth. Since man had painted the picture, of course it would be presented that way. If the lion had painted the picture, the circumstances would have been different. What the Wife of Bath is saying is that since men established the dynamics of the male/female relationship, women are unable to change the image. Had control been in the hands of women from the start, they would be in control of relationships. In so much that the Wife of Bath fights back against the oppression against women, she in turn ends up treating her husbands in the same oppressive manner. It is interesting to note that in her rants against men being the controlling force in marriages, she herself was a bully to her husbands. This makes it difficult to interpret Chaucers intentions in creating a strong women character advocating for her due rights. By vocalizing her thoughts and what were most likely many womens thoughts of his day, he gives an identity and power to those without aShow MoreRelatedFeminism In Chaucers The Wife Of Bath1216 Words   |  5 Pagesof literature deals with interpreting the original meaning of a work and attempting to understand how it applies to modern day readers. As with other pieces of literature, this is also true for Chaucer’s â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† where many contemporary scholars hail Chaucer as feminist icon for his depiction of an eloquent, in dependent woman. This interpretation, however, is flawed because it is highly anachronistic. Feminism, as we understand the term today, did not emerge until the 19th CenturyRead MoreChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 Pagescomparison to the parson to show what the ecclesiastical class are doing versus what they are supposed to be doing. In other words, it is to make people be aware of these problems. It can be inferred that the author’s main goal is for this literary work to serve as a message to the people along with changing the society in relation to these problems. The author mentions several issues of the society including how women are treated. Pertaining to women’s role in the society, the Middle Ages was alsoRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. Sometimes this is presented blatantlyRead More Passive Women in Chaucers Canterbury Tales? Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesPassive Women in Chaucers Canterbury Tales? One argument that reigns supreme when considering Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is whether or not there is an element of anti-feminism within the text. One thread that goes along with this is whether or not the women of The Canterbury Tales are passive within the tales told. This essay will explore the idea that the women found within the tales told by the pilgrims (The Knight’s Tale, The Miller’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale to name a few)Read MoreSex in The Canterbury Tales Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesinstrument in The Canterbury Tales. Portraying sex as a power that women exert over men rather than the marital bond of â€Å"making love† makes evident Chaucer’s skewed views of love and marriage with underlying tones of misogyny. He expresses these views throughout the work, however, the theme of love and sex is most evident in the sub-stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale. Chaucer breaks the topic of sex into two basic parts: carnality and romanticism. Although carnal love is a controversialRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer Stance on Feminism1254 Words   |  6 Pages The investigation into whether or not Geoffrey Chaucer was ahead of his time in terms of his views on feminism has been up for debate for hundreds of years. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue is just one solitary example of the complicated nature of Chaucer’s belief system. On the one hand, we have many strong female characters that despite still being extremely dependant on the men in their lives, know what they want out of life. From a contrasting point of view, readers see a group of men, includingRead MoreEssay on No Apologies for The Wife of Bath851 Words   |  4 Pages     Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the author portrays the Wife of Bath, Alison, as a woman who bucks the tradition of her times with her brashness and desire for control. Chaucer is able to present a strong womans point of view and to evoke some sympathy for her.    In the authors time, much of the literature was devoted to validating the frailties of women.   However, in this story, the Wife is a woman who has outlived four of five husbands for ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Wife Of Bath 1754 Words   |  8 PagesBecca Edmondson AP English 12 Mrs. Price Research Paper The Wife of Bath The Wife of Bath is unlike the other women of her time to some extent, yet simultaneously is a member of a certain group of individuals. Although this is taking place in the fourteenth century, surprising as it is, the Wife of Bath fits into the society through her uniqueness. In Chaucer’s tales the women of this time were not portrayed as one might imagine. Many believe the women of the fourteenth century were housewives whoRead More Masculinity in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale Essay2175 Words   |  9 PagesMasculinity in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale      Ã‚   The Wife of Bath, with the energy of her vernacular and the voraciousness of her sexual appetite, is one of the most vividly developed characters of The Canterbury Tales. At 856 lines her prologue, or preambulacioun as the Summoner calls it, is the longest of any of the pilgrims, and matches the General Prologue but for a few lines. Evidently Chaucer is infatuated with Alisoun, as he plays satirically with both gender and classRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath And His Play With Gender Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesCohens Professor Robichaud Brit. literature 1 10/18/16 The Wife of Bath and his play with Gender (Feminist and or Misogynist) Like most of literature, The Wife of Bath can be read in multiple perspectives. Within The Wife of Bath, it can be read as feministic and or misogynistic. Chaucer projects his views towards feminism through the wife and her views and attitudes. Many literary critics explored the feministic views of The Wife of Bath. She is a strongminded and dominant woman who knows exactly

Harry Trumans Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb - 1314 Words

To what extent was Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki justified? A. Plan of Investigation Research Question: To what extent was Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki justified? This investigation assesses President Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It will determine whether or not his decision was justified. This investigation will scrutinize the reasons that made Harry Truman feel inclined to drop atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Preventing further casualties along with the desire to end the war are two argumentative points that will be analyzed to determine if they were strong enough to justify the dropping†¦show more content†¦Thus the value to this source is very high, as the illustration of Harry Truman’s mindset is not altered by an opinion, yet based on factual evidence. One limitation this source retains is that Walker really only mentions the reasons why the bombing should happen, not why the atomic bombing should have not actually taken place, eliminating a whole other side of the story. D. Analysis As the war continued and violence escalated, bombings caused enormous destruction and high death tolls, leading inevitably to the use of the atomic bombs. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki represented a culmination in the destructiveness of bombings, not a significant deviation from previous bombing practices. The alternatives to the use of the atomic bomb were likely to have caused equal suffering for the Japanese people. The use of the atomic bomb was no less moral than these horrific wartime practices. Harry Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan was justified by Japan’s refusal to immediately surrender. Harry Truman gave the Japanese time to surrender in order to preserve the existence of their people. They did not comply and as a result endured the consequences. (Walker) Yet an alternate perspective states that it was quite unnecessary to drop the Atomic Bombs in that Japan was practically an already defeated opponent. If a conditional surrende r were to be issued by the United States to Japan inShow MoreRelatedHarry S. Trumans Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb1857 Words   |  7 Pages President Harry S. Truman was confronted with a difficult decision on August 3, 1945 that would drastically change the history of the United States. President Truman decided to drop two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to end World War II and the U.S. would soon meet another formidable enemy with the beginnings of The Cold War. The Cold War developed anti- and pro-Communist views, shifting the United States’ focus towards defeating Communism and its supportersRead MoreTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesare to take a side and then write an editorial on Harry S Truman’s decision to order the dropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people wereRead MoreEssay Pres, Truman Atomic Bomb Decision1421 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Trumans Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki During World War II the war in Europe ended after the unconditional German surrender at General Eisenhowers Headquarters in Reims, France, May 7, 1945. After the unconditional German surrender in Europe the war shifted to Asia and the Pacific. As the war continued against Japan the Allied forces captured islands such as Iwo Jima and Okinaawa close to Japan brought the Japanese homeland within range of naval and airRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs910 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 20th century, specifically the year 1945, the United States of America had two atomic bombs that the commander and chief, and president at the time, Harry Truman, knew about. President Truman plan was to drop the bombs on two of Japans cities, Hiroshima first and then Nagasaki. Truman’s plans went accordingly, which to this day leads to a very controversial topic on whether or not dropping the atomic bombs was a good or bad thing. There is evidence and reasoning to back up both claims, inRead MoreThe Atom ic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki982 Words   |  4 Pagesreviewing Ronald Takai’s Hiroshima, it only makes me wonder what was going through the mind of President Harry Truman when he gave the â€Å"green light† to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been more than 70 years since that happened and the conclusion of World War II, and yet the legacy remains in our modern day history books and class lectures. But was deploying the atomic bombs on Japan really necessary? What was Truman thinking? And did the end really justify the means? Truly, uponRead MoreWhy Harry Truman Dropped the Bomb on Hiroshima, and the Consequences for Humanity1355 Words   |  6 PagesAugust 6th 1945, the United States, led by Harry Truman, decided to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, forever changing warfare. This paper will be dedicated to why Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb on Japan and the effects that this decision had on humanity afterward. The creation of the atomic bomb, and subsequently the Manhattan Project, was created in response to the belief that the German Government was in the process of creating atomic weapons. This belief was expressed to PresidentRead More The Decision To Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the direct cause for the end of World War II in the Pacific. The United States felt it was necessary to drop the atomic bombs on these two cities or it would suffer more casualties. Not only could the lives of many soldiers have been taken, but possibly the lives of many innocent Americans. The United States will always try to avoid the loss of American civilians at all costs, even if that means takingRead MoreAtomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the direct caus e for the end of World War II in the Pacific. The United States felt it was necessary to drop the atomic bombs on these two cities or it would suffer more casualties. Not only could the lives of many soldiers have been taken, but possibly the lives of many innocent Americans. The United States will always try to avoid the loss of American civilians at all costs, even if that means takingRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs : The Justification1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Atomic Bombs; The Justification One of the most controversial and heavily scrutinized issue of the twentieth century was President Harry S. Truman’s decision to unleash atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The motives behind Truman’s actions are shrouded in controversy as top military officials publicly denounced the use of such a disastrous weapon. There is overwhelming evidence supporting both sides of the decision, as historians are split in opinion. The United States had beenRead MoreHarry S. Trumans Accomplishments: Dessegregation and Hiroshima1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe actions and decisions made by the United States President, leader of the free world, are subject to be analyzed, scrutinized, and debated for the rest of eternity. These decisions are how that man will be judged. Out of the 44 men to hold this honored position, one man, Harry S. Truman, made several proclamations such as the institution of Desegregation in the US Military, the dropping the atomic bombs, and the d eclaration of the Martial Law, which forever changed our society and the world

Digital Fortress Chapter 18 Free Essays

Standing before the huge plate-glass window in his Tokyo skyrise, Numataka took a long pull on his cigar and smiled to himself. He could scarcely believe his good fortune. He had spoken to the American again, and if all was going according to the timetable, Ensei Tankado had been eliminated by now, and his copy of the pass-key had been confiscated. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was ironic, Numataka thought, that he himself would end up with Ensei Tankado’s pass-key. Tokugen Numataka had met Tankado once many years ago. The young programmer had come to Numatech Corp. fresh out of college, searching for a job. Numataka had denied him. There was no question that Tankado was brilliant, but at the time there were other considerations. Although Japan was changing, Numataka had been trained in the old school; he lived by the code of menboko-honor and face. Imperfection was not to be tolerated. If he hired a cripple, he would bring shame on his company. He had disposed of Tankado’s resume without a glance. Numataka checked his watch again. The American, North Dakota, should have called by now. Numataka felt a tinge of nervousness. He hoped nothing was wrong. If the pass-keys were as good as promised, they would unlock the most sought-after product of the computer age-a totally invulnerable digital encryption algorithm. Numataka could embed the algorithm in tamper-proof, spray-sealed VSLI chips and mass market them to world computer manufacturers, governments, industries, and perhaps, even the darker markets†¦ the black market of world terrorists. Numataka smiled. It appeared, as usual, that he had found favor with the shichigosan-the seven deities of good luck. Numatech Corp. was about to control the only copy of Digital Fortress that would ever exist. Twenty million dollars was a lot of money-but considering the product, it was the steal of the century. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 18, Essay examples

Aes Case Solution Essay Example

Aes Case Solution Paper 1. How would you evaluate the capital budgeting method used historically by AES? What’s good and bad about it? â€Å"When AES undertook primarily domestic contract generation projects where the risk of changes to input and output prices was minimal, a project finance framework was employed. † Usually, project finance framework is used when the project has predictable cash flows, which can easily represent operating targets through explicit contract. When cash flows are certainty, the company can have higher level of leverage and it is easier to separate project assets from the parent company. Advantages and Disadvantages: ) Advantages a. Maximize Leverage b. Off-Balance Sheet Treatment c. Agency Cost d. Multilateral Financial Institutions 2) Disadvantages a. Projects V/S Division b. Complexity c. Macroeconomic Risk d. Political Risk: 2. If Venerus implements the suggested methodology, what would be the range of discount rates that AES would use around the world? If Vene rus and AES implement the suggested methodology, the projects would change while WACC changes. To find WACC we must first calculate the leveraged bets for each the US Red Oak and Lal Plr Pakistan projects, using the equation unleveled beta/(1-D/V). It is easy to find debt to capital ratios, which are 39. 5% for U. S and 35. 1% for Pakistan, and the unleveled beta, which are both 0. 25, in Exhibit 7a and 7b. Then we can obtain a leveraged beta for the U. S. , 0. 41, and for Pakistan, 0. 3852. Second we should find the risk free and risk premium rates. Because all debts are finance in U. S. dollar, we use the risk free rate, which is equal to U. S. T-bill, and risk premium rate, which is equal to U. S. risk premium, to calculate the cost of capital for all countries. Using equation cost of capital = Risk Free Rate + levered beta * Risk Premium, we can get the cost of capital for U. S. project, 7. 27%, and for Pakistan project, 7. 2%. After that we should find the cost of debt. Using the formula risk free rate + default spread, we can get the cost of debt for both U. S. project and Pakistan project are 8. 07% (4. 5%+3. 47%), in which both U. S. project and Pakistan project have a same spread, 3. 47%. To adjust we add the sovereign risk into calculation. In Exhibit 7a, the sovereign risk for the U. S. is 0% but for Pakistan is 9. 9%. We will write a custom essay sample on Aes Case Solution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aes Case Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aes Case Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We thereby get the new evaluation of the cost of capital and cost of debt, which are constant for U. S. and rise to 17. 1% and 17. 97% for Pakistan. Finally we calculate the WACC. The formula is leveraged beta * (cost of capital) + Debt to capital * (cost of debt) * (1-tax rate). Then we get for the U. S. WACC= 6. 48% and for Pakistan WACC= 15. 93%. Finally, we should adjust the WACC with its risk score. Because everything is calculated in U. S. dollar, the U. S. risk score is 0. So the U. S. projects WACC is constant. The Pakistan risk premium is 1. 425. So the change is 1. 25 * 500= 705bp = 7. 05%. Therefore, we get the final Pakistan WACC, which is 23. 08% (15. 93%+7. 05%). In conclusion, the difference between the U. S. and Pakistan projects is 16. 60%. Obviously, the U. S. project looks much more favorable. 3. Does this make sense as a way to do capital budgeting? The financial strategy employed by AES was historically based on project finance. The model worked well in the domes tic market and in the international operations. However, when AES started its diversification of business, it had to face to increasing symmetrical risks, such as business risk. In addition, project finance did not include the risk of devaluation of currency in developing economies which resulted in significant losses due to the inability of the company to survive its international debt obligations. And AES should also pay attention to political risk. Hence we see that the geographical diversification of business made project financing less recommendable as a symmetrical risk becomes more manifest. 4. What is the value of the Pakistan project using the cost of capital derived from the new methodology? If this project was located in the U. S. what would its value be? In order to calculate the value of project for the Lal Pir project in Pakistan, we first need to calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) using the new proposed methodology. The first step is to calculate the value of levered ?. The value of the levered ? comes out to be 38. 52%, which essentially means that our project is not very highly correlated to the market return. Using this v alue of ? we now calculate the cost of Equity. We have used the return on U. S. Treasury Bond, which is 4. 5%, as the risk free return. The cost of equity comes out to be 7. % and similarly, using the risk free return and the default spread we calculate the cost of debt which comes out to be 8. 07%. It is important to note that the cost of debt and the cost of equity also need to be adjusted for the sovereign spread. Once we have the adjusted costs of equity and capital, the WACC comes out to be 15. 93%. However, now we need to adjust this WACC for the risks associated with doing the project in Pakistan. As mentioned in part 2, we get final WACC 23. 08%, which lead us to calculate NPV from the year 2004 to 2023. And it is -$234. 34 million. For U. S. , first we see the sovereign spread is equal to zero. Secondly, in this case we would need to calculate the business risk using the information given in Exhibit 7a. This score comes out to be 0. 64 and using this score, our business risk comes out to be 3. 23% and adding it to calculated value of WACC, we get our final WACC of 9. 64%. Using this we calculate our NPV for USA which comes out to be -$35. 92 million. 5. How does the adjusted cost of capital for the Pakistan project reflect the probabilities of real events? What does the discount rate adjustment imply about expectations for the project because it is located in Pakistan and not the U. S.? To calculate the adjusted cost of capital, we should adjust six common types of risks: Operational, Counterparty, Regulatory, Construction, Commodity, Currency and Legal. In Pakistan, it is possible to meet all these risks except construction. Additionally, the highest probability is the legal risk. When we calculate the WACC for Pakistan through traditional formula it comes out to be 15. 93%, however in order to incorporate the risk factor associated with Pakistan we need to adjust it for the Total Risk Score, which in this case is 1. 425. So we need to adjust our WACC 23. 08%. As mentioned earlier the discount rate is adjusted based on the total risk score of the country. This total risk score is compiled from 6 main types of risks, the probability of which varies from country to country. While currency, regulatory and legal risks are significantly high in Pakistan, the operational, counterparty and commodity risks are higher in U. S.. Similarly when come to the adjusted WACC for Pakistan (23. 08%) and WACC for U. S. (6. 48%), we can conclude that Pakistan is much riskier to invest than the U. S..